Introduction to Osteology

Question 1

Scientific study of the bones is called?

Answer 1

osteology

Question 2

what is skeleton?

Answer 2

The body part that forms the supporting structure of the organism

Question 3

hair, feather, scales, horns are examples of which type of skeleton?

Answer 3

exoskeleton

Question 4

Bones and cartilage are examples of which type of skeleton?

Answer 4

endoskeleton

Question 5

Muscle cells and microtubules are examples of which type of skeleton?

Answer 5

cytoskeleton

Question 6

Muscle cells and microtubules are examples of which type of skeleton?

Answer 6

cytoskeleton

Question 7

Calcified, living, dense connective tissue. which is this structure?

Answer 7

bone

Question 8

name two components of the bone/what is bone composed of?

Answer 8

bone matrix and bone cells

Question 9

name two components of bone matrix.

Answer 9

Bone matrix is made of collagen and bone mineral.

Question 10

which is the major bone mineral found in the bone?

Answer 10

calcium hydroxylapatite

Question 11

name 3 types of bone cells.

Answer 11

osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts.

Question 12

what are osteoblasts?

Answer 12

bone forming cells

Question 13

what are osteoclasts?

Answer 13

bone dissolving cells

Question 14

what are osteocytes?

Answer 14

mature bone cells

Question 15

give 2 functions of bone.

Answer 15

supportive structure of the body
protection of vital organs
Reservoirs of calcium and phosphorus
levers to produce movement
containers for bone marrow

Question 16

give 2 types of bones based on structure.

Answer 16

compact bone and spongy bone.

Question 17

what is a compact bone?

Answer 17

Dense
Outer shell of all bones
surrounds spongy bone

Question 18

what is a spongy bone?

Answer 18

Spicules of bones
contain bone marrow

Question 19

what is another name for compact bone?

Answer 19

cortical bone

Question 20

what is another name for spongy bone?

Answer 20

cancellous bone/trabecular bone

Question 21

name the 2 types of bone marrow.

Answer 21

red and yellow marrow

Question 22

what are Haversian systems or osteons?

Answer 22

Cylindrical units in mature bone

Question 23

Haversian systems/Osteons consist of ———-lamellae. fill in the blanks.

Answer 23

concentric lamellae

Question 24

Haversian canal is the ——— canal

Answer 24

central canal

Question 25

Between osteons, there are --------------lamellae

Answer 25

interstitial lamellae

Question 26

what are volkmans canals?

Answer 26

the perforating canal that extends from the periosteum to the haversian canal supplying it with blood and nerve supply.

Question 27

nutrition of the bone is through which artery?

Answer 27

an adjacent artery gives off a nutrient artery which passes through the nutrient foramen of the bone.

Question 28

describe the nerve supply of bone

Answer 28

Most of the nerves are vasomotor fibres. Bone has few sensory nerve fibres

Question 29

what is periosteum?

Answer 29

The periosteum is the sheath outside your bones that supplies them with blood, nerves and the cells that help them grow and heal. Supplied by numerous sensory fibres

Question 30

if a bone fractures, which layer of the bone is responsible for healing it?

Answer 30

periosteum

Question 31

what is endosteum?

Answer 31

The endosteum is a membrane that lines the center of your bones that contain bone marrow.

Question 32

the expanded ends of a long bone is?

Answer 32

epiphysis

Question 33

the shaft of a long bone is?

Answer 33

diaphysis

Question 34

in between epiphysis and diaphysis, we have?

Answer 34

metaphysis

Question 35

bones are developed through 2 methods of ossification? can you name them?

Answer 35

Intramembranous Ossification Endochondral ossification

Question 36

define Intramembranous ossification

Answer 36

mesenchyme to bone formation

Question 37

define Endochondral Ossification

Answer 37

cartilage to bone formation

Question 38

give example of bones in body developed through Intramembranous ossification

Answer 38

Example: Flat bones of skull, mandible, clavicles

Question 39

give example of bones in body developed through endochondral ossification

Answer 39

Examples: Bones of limbs

Question 40

Bulges: Sites of attachment for muscles, ligaments and tendons. true or false?

Answer 40

true

Question 41

Depressions: Joint surfaces mainly. true or false?

Answer 41

true

Question 42

Holes: Blood vessels and nerves. true or false?

Answer 42

true

Question 43

classify bones according to their shape.

Answer 43

long bones short bones flat bones irregular bones

Question 44

name 5 long bones

Answer 44

humerus radius ulna femur tibia fibula

Question 45

name 3 short bones

Answer 45

carpals patella tarsus

Question 46

name 5 flat bones

Answer 46

frontal occipital parietal nasal vomer lacrimal

Question 47

name 5 irregular bones

Answer 47

vertebrae mandible hyoid ethmoid maxilla zygomatic temporal sphenoid

Question 48

axial skeleton is made up of?

Answer 48

bones of skull vertebral column rib cage

Question 49

the appendicular skeleton is made up of?

Answer 49

Shoulder girdle upper limbs pelvic girdle lower limbs