Introduction to Repro Anat

Question 1

What is the true pelvis and false pelvis

Answer 1

Pelvis minor and pelvis major

Question 2

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint

Answer 2

Synovial

Question 3

What type of joint is the pubic symphysis

Answer 3

Secondary cartilaginous

Question 4

Male vs female pelvis: Pelvis major

Answer 4

Male: Narrower
Female: Wider

Question 5

Male vs female pelvis: Pelvis minor

Answer 5

Male: Narrower and deeper
Female: Wider and shallower

Question 6

Male vs female pelvis: Pelvic inlet (shape)

Answer 6

Male: Heart shape
Female: Oval

Question 7

Male vs female pelvis: Pelvic outlet

Answer 7

Male: Narrow
Female: Wide

Question 8

Male vs female pelvis: Subpubic angle

Answer 8

Male: Acute
Female: Obtuse

Question 9

Male vs female pelvis: Obturator foramen

Answer 9

Male: Round
Female: Oval

Question 10

Male vs female pelvis: Acetabulum

Answer 10

Male: Larger
Female: Smaller

Question 11

Narrowest diameter of the pelvic inlet

Answer 11

Obstetric conjugate

Question 12

Widest diameter of pelvic inlet

Answer 12

Diagonal conjugate

Question 13

What muscle forms the posterior wall of the pelvis?

Answer 13

Piriformis

Question 14

What nerve network lies on the piriformis?

Answer 14

Sacral Plexus

Question 15

What is the perineal body?

Answer 15

A fibromuscular node found in the midline of the perineum

Question 16

What is the anococcygeal body?

Answer 16

Layered musculotendinous intersection of the two haves of levator ani muscles.

Question 17

Functions of the pelvic floor (2)

Answer 17

1. Support the abdomino-pelvic organs

2. Resist intra-abdominal pressure

Question 18

What 2 muscles make up the pelvic floor

Answer 18

1. Coccygeus

2. Levator ani: pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, puborectalis

Question 19

Innervation of the pelvic floor and what origin

Answer 19

Pudendal. S2-S4

Question 20

What is a 1) cystocele and 2) rectocele

Answer 20

1) anterior vaginal prolapse where bladder has prolapsed

2) posterior vaginal prolapse where rectum has prolapsed

Question 21

What are the consequences of pelvic floor injury?

Answer 21

Urinary or bowel incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, sexual dysfunction, pelvic pain

Question 22

Why perform an episiotomy?

Answer 22

To minimise extensive tears to the vagina

Question 23

Why mediolateral episiotomy instead of midline?

Answer 23

To prevent damage to the perineal body, which can cause urinary and faecal incontinence

Question 24

What structures can be palpated on DRE? Male and female

Answer 24

Male: prostate, rectal walls
Female: cervix, rectal walls

Question 25

Acronym for branches of internal iliac artery

Answer 25

I Love Going Places in My Very Own Underwear

Question 26

What are the branches of the internal iliac artery?

Answer 26

``` Iliolumbar artery Lumbar sacral artery Gluteal - superior and inferior artery Internal pudendal artery Inferior vesicular artery - males Middle rectal artery Vaginal artery - female Obturator artery Uterine/umbilical artery - for females ```

Question 27

Which parts of rectum drain into portal circulation?

Answer 27

Superior

Question 28

Which parts of the rectum drain into systemic circulation?

Answer 28

Low and middle

Question 29

Why might haemorrhoids be associated with cirrhosis of liver?

Answer 29

Venous blood from scarred liver backed up in portal circulation and into rectum.

Question 30

Which venous plexus does the prostatic venous plexus communicate with posteriorly? What is the clinical significance?

Answer 30

Vertebral. Prostate cancer can metastasise to the spine.

Question 31

Ilioinguinal nerve: Origin, entry, innervation.

Answer 31

Origin: L1 Entry: Superficial inguinal ring Innervation: labial folds, skin of root of penis

Question 32

Genitofemoral nerve: Origin, entry, innervation.

Answer 32

Origin: L1-L2 Entry: Deep inguinal ring Innervation: Anterior scrotal skin, cremasteric muscle

Question 33

Bony landmarks for pudendal nerve blocks (2)

Answer 33

1) Ischial spine 2) Sacrospinous ligament

Question 34

What is the sympathetic nerve supply to the pelvis?

Answer 34

Inferior hypogastric.

Question 35

Origins of sympathetic fibres to the pelvis? Innervation in male and females?

Answer 35

L1 and L2 Male: Epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate Female: Ovaries, fallopian tube, uterus, vagina

Question 36

Parasympathetic fibres to pelvis name, origin and innervation

Answer 36

Pelvic splachnic nerve S2-S4 Male and female: all internal pelvic organs and erectile tissue

Question 37

4 primary lymph node groups of pelvis

Answer 37

sacral, external iliac, internal iliac, common iliac

Question 38

What do the external iliac nodes drain?

Answer 38

Inguinal lymph nodes

Question 39

What do the internal iliac nodes drain?

Answer 39

Gluteal region, deep perineum, inferior pelvic viscera

Question 40

What do the sacral nodes drain?

Answer 40

Rectum and posterior wall of pelvis

Question 41

What do the common iliac nodes drain?

Answer 41

They receive drainage from external iliac, internal iliac and sacral lymph nodes.