Introduction To Research

Question 1

_________ is the systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of data in order to solve a problem or answer a question.

Answer 1

Research

Question 2

__________ is acquiring knowledge use a particular scientific methodology.

Answer 2

Science

Question 3

__________is the in acknowledged incorporation of an individuals work into the work of another

Answer 3

Plagiarism

Question 4

__________ is any systematic error in the design conduct or analysis that results in a mistaken estimate of the outcomes of the study

Answer 4

Bias

Question 5

__________is the summary of what is to be achieved by the study.

Answer 5

Objective

Question 6

A prediction of a relationship between one or more factors under study which can be tested is called_______________

Answer 6

Hypothesis

Question 7

The characteristic of a person object or phenomenon that can take up different values is called _____________

Answer 7

Variable

Question 8

The selection of a number of study units from a defined study population is called_________

Answer 8

Sampling

Question 9

_____________is a sample with all the important characteristics from which it is drawn

Answer 9

Representative sample

Question 10

___________is a list of all the units that compose the study population

Answer 10

Sampling frame

Question 11

Developing generalizations from specific observations is called___________

Answer 11

Inductive reasoning

Question 12

Developing specific predictions from general principles is called___________

Answer 12

Deductive reasoning

Question 13

State two main sources of knowledge

Answer 13

1) NON SCIENTIFIC
- This is knowledge acquired with no established scientific process o acquiring it eg
2) SCIENTIFIC
- involves using scientific methodology ie collection analysis and interpretation of data to find answers to questions

Question 14

State the six non scientific sources of knowledge

Answer 14

Rational knowledge: human reasoning, ability to use step by step logic inductive and deductive reasoning

• Experiential: gained from lived experience
• Authoritative : some sources of knowledge are more credible and valued than others
• Intuitive: knowledge without proof or evidence based on experience and sensitivity
• Divine revelation: knowledge based on faith can’t be scientifically proved
• Role models: imitating people’s actions

Question 15

State four scientific methods of acquiring knowledge

Answer 15

-descriptive: to give a detailed account of the aspects characteristics features of a subject
Methods are observational case study and survey
-Explanation:
-Prediction : statement of what will happen in the future
-Intervention : becoming intentionally involved in a subject matter

Question 16

The ability to acquire knowledge without proof or evidence is called_________________

Answer 16

Intuition

Question 17

____________ is information or wisdom gained from loved experiences

Answer 17

Experiential knowledge

Question 18

The ability of a human to reason while giving step by step demonstration is called____________

Answer 18

Rational knowledge

Question 19

___________is the ability to recognize and accept reason as ones only judgement value and guide to action

Answer 19

Rationality

Question 20

________is the process of reasoning from one or more statements to come up with a logically true conclusion

Answer 20

Deductive reasoning

Question 21

Forming generalizations based on specific incidents is called __________

Answer 21

Inductive reasoning

Question 22

Knowledge from _________ is knowledge based on faith and cannot be scientifically proven

Answer 22

Divine revelation

Question 23

__________ is a detailed account of aspects characteristics and features of a subject matter on something that can be seen heard experienced or known

Answer 23

Description

Question 24

State three types of descriptive methods of sourcing knowledge

Answer 24

1)observational :behavior is closely observed
Types are naturalistic and laboratory observation
2)case study: an in-depth study of an individual or group of individuals
3)survey: answer questions In questionaries and interviews

Question 25

The extent to which research can be used in real life situations is called ___________

Answer 25

Ecological validity

Question 26

_____________ research involves an in-depth study of an individual or group of individuals

Answer 26

Case study

Question 27

__________is a statement about what you think will happen in the future

Answer 27

Prediction

Question 28

The act of becoming intentionally involved in a situation is called

Answer 28

Intervention

Question 29

List four characteristics of a good research

Answer 29

- it demands a clear statement of the problem - it requires a plan - builds on existing data using both positive and negative findings - new data should be collected and organized in such a way that it answers the original question

Question 30

List ten importance of nursing research

Answer 30

- to provide scientifically defensible reasons for nursing activities - to earn and defend the professional status of nursing - new knowledge is developed which can be used to improve nursing education and practice - evidence based practice facilitated good quality health care provision - it provides answers to questions - improves quality of nursing care - nurse managers rely on research findings for effective planning and implementation - enables autonomy in nurses - to provide evidence in support of demand of resources in nursing - to provide evidence of strengths and weaknesses in nursing - to find ways of increasing cost effectiveness

Question 31

State two main types of research

Answer 31

1) basic research :generate new knowledge and technologies understand principles and test theories 2)applied research :practical applications Identify and evaluate problems and create interventions

Question 32

State three other types of research

Answer 32

- Problem oriented: to sort out problems faced by particular entities - problem solving : done by an individual organization based - qualitative:collecting analysis and interpretation of data by observing what people say - quantitative : based on numerical data

Question 33

Explain the three primary ethical principles of research

Answer 33

1) PRINCIPLE OF BENEFICENCE AND NON MALEFICENCE - freedom from exploitation - Benefits from research - Risk benefit ratio 2) PRINCIPLE OF RESPECT FOR HUMANITY - right to self determination - issues in the principle of respect 3) PRINCIPLE OF JUSTICE - fair treatment - privacy