Introduction To Schizophrenia Flashcards
What is schizo more common in?
Men
City dwellers
Low socioeconomic class
Name the 2 classification systems
DSM-5 (USA)
ICD-10 (UK) (11 published afterwards)
Using ICD-10 what symptoms need to be present to diagnose schizo
Two or more negative symptoms for diagnosis
Using DSM-5 what symptoms need to be present to diagnose Schizophrenia
One positive symptom present for diagnosis
What do both DSM-5 & ICD-10 have as they used to be inconsistent?
Subtypes
List 2 positive symptoms of schizophrenia
Hallucinations and delusions
(Beyond normal existence)
Explain hallucinations
Eg. Voiced heard
Can be in relation to any sense eg. Seeing distorted faces or animals, or people who are not there.
Explain delusions
AKA paranoia
Delusions are irrational thoughts. Common delusions involve becoming a historical, political or religious figure. Delusions can involve being persecuted.
A person may believe they are under external control which can make them behave in a bizarre way.
List 3 negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Speech poverty
Avolition
Mood disturbances
(Incudes loss of usual abilities and experiences)
Describe speech poverty
Reduction in amount and quality of speech. Sometimes accompanied with delay in persons verbal responses in conversations.
More emphasis on speech disorganisation where speech is incoherent or change topics mid sentence.
Describe avolition
Sometimes called apathy
Difficult to begin/ maintain a goal directed activity. Reduced motivation to carry out a range of activities. Andersen: 3 signs of avolition;
Poor hygiene
Grooming
And lack of persistence in work or education
Describe how diagnosis has good reliability (AO3)
Psychiatric diagnosis said to be reliable when different clientations reach same diagnosis (inter rater reliability) on two occasions (test retest reliability)
DSM-5 has improved inter rater reliability =97 and test retest reliability =92 (osorio et al)
Can be sure diagnosis is consistent
Low validity (AO3)
Assessing psychiatric diagnosis is criterion validity.
Cheniaux et al: 100 clients tested. 68 diagnosed using ICD-10 and 39 with DSM-5
Suggests schizophrenia under diagnosed according to DSM-5
Low criterion validity
Symptom overlap (AO3)
Symptoms of schizophrenia and other disorders overlap eg. With bipolar.
Both include delusions and avolition which makes diagnosis and classification difficult/ flawed.
Bipolar and schizophrenia separate conditions but according to diagnosis are the same.
Co morbidity (AO3)
Around 1/2 Clients have another diagnosis eg. Depression
Gender bias
More men than women received diagnosis
Cultural bias
African Caribbean British 9x more likely diagnosed than whites British.
