Introduction to the Immune System Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Introduction to the Immune System Deck (19)
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1
Q

GCSF granulocyte colony stimulating factor

A

Myeloid progenitors differentiate into myeloblasts which become neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils in bone marrow

2
Q

Monocyte colony stimulating factor MCSF

A

Myeloid progenitors differentiate into monoblasts which become blood monocytes and eventually dendritic cells or macrophages

3
Q

Lymphoid progenitors, what causes them to differentiate into B or T cell precursor cells

A

IL-7

4
Q

Giemsa stain

A

Helps in recognition of different types of leukocytes on a blood smear

5
Q

What makes up the largest portion of white blood cells

A

Neutrophils 40-70%

Lymphocytes 20-40%

6
Q

Neutrophils have prominent cytoplasmic granules containing

A

Peroxidase
Lysozyme
Degradative enzymes
Defensins

7
Q

Leukopenia

A

Reduction in circulating WBC count
Characterized by neutropenia, reduced number of neutrophils
Can be caused by cancer chemotherapy or radiation
Also suspect neutropenia in people with frequent/unusual infections

8
Q

Neutrophil extracellular traps NET

A

Composed of core DNA element to which histones, proteins and enzymes that are released from neutrophil granules are attached. They immobilize pathogens and facilitate phagocytosis. Can also directly kill pathogens by means of antimicrobial histones/proteases

9
Q

Do neutrophils survive after NET formation

A

Yes

10
Q

Inflammatory macrophages function

A

Tissue remodeling that repairs collateral damage produced by hypersensitivity reactions

11
Q

mDCs vs pDCs

A

Myeloid DCs capture, process and present antigens to T cells

Plasmacytoid DCs circulate blood and produce IFN

12
Q

Langerhans cells

A

Dendritic cells residing in the epidermis of the skin

13
Q

Mast cell location/granule contents

A

Tissue fixed cells
Histamine, serotonin, heparin
Live for months

14
Q

Basophils location/granule contents

A

Circulating blood
Histamine, serotonin, heparin (fewer granules than mast cells)
Live for days

15
Q

People affect by Mastocytosis are susceptible to

A

Itching, hives, anaphylactic shock caused by release of histamine from abundant mast cells
(Urticaria pigmentosa is a common form of cutaneous mastocytosis)

16
Q

Eosinophil location/granule contents

A

Located in the blood
Histamine, peroxidase, lipase, major basic protein
Protect against helminths
Implicated in epithelial cell damage, exfoliation and bronchospasm

17
Q

NK cells undergo differentiation where

A

Bone marrow

18
Q

Do NK cell receptors possess antigenic specificity? Do they generate immunologic memory?

A

No and no

19
Q

How are NK cells activated

A

They recognize Ags normally expressed on host cells. If the Ag is not present, the NK cell kills it
They function like a cell of innate immunity