introduction to the living cell

Question 1

what the three major domains of cells

Answer 1

bacteria (eubacteria)
archaea (archaebacteria)
eukaryotes

Question 2

taxonomy

Answer 2

discipline of defining groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics

Question 3

phylogenetics

Answer 3

study of evolutionary relationships between groups of organisms

Question 4

universal features of all cells on earth

Answer 4

phospholipid bilayer
enhancing molecules with their environment
heritory info stored in DNA
translate RNA into protein the same way

Question 5

difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Answer 5

eukaryotes are compartmentalised while prokaryotes are not

Question 6

what are individual phospholipids made from

Answer 6

a polar hydrophilic head

two non-polar hydrophobic fatty acid tails

Question 7

centrioles

Answer 7

two small organelles which are involved in cell division - found in an area near the nucleus called the centrosome.

• centrioles are made from microtubules.
• each centriole is composed of 9 sets of 13 microtubules

Question 8

roles of microtubules (2)

Answer 8

• organise the micro tubular network within the cell

- organising the development of the micro tubules in the cilia

Question 9

where are proteins collected in the mitochondria

Answer 9

cisternal lumen

Question 10

what are the three main function of Golgi apparatus

Answer 10

• modification of proteins by addition of sugars
• proteolysis, activation of peptides
• sorting and packaging of macromolecules into vesicles for transport within the cell and for secretion

Question 11

functions of microtubules

Answer 11

• intracellular transport
• present in cilia and flagella
• form filament of mitotic single

Question 12

intermediate filaments

Answer 12

intermediate in size between microtubules and microfilmants

Question 13

microfilaments

Answer 13

composed of actin and are the smallest protein (long thin and stringy)