Protein synthesis

Question 1

UTRs

Answer 1

untranslated regions 5’-UTR and 3’-UTR

Question 2

what is the role of the 5’-UTR

Answer 2

determines rate of protein synthesis

Question 3

what is the role of the 3’ - UTR

Answer 3

stability of the RNA

Question 4

so these two messages determine

Answer 4

• how much protein is made
• speed at which its made
• longevity message

Question 5

modulations of the pre-transcript

Answer 5

5’ cap

3’ polyadenylated tail

Question 6

initiating codon

Answer 6

AUG - methionine

Question 7

at what end is the amino acid attached at on the tRNA

Answer 7

3’ end

Question 8

what do all tRNA’s have at the end of the 3’ end which has the amino acid attached it

Answer 8

CCA

Question 9

whats a function of the degenerate code

Answer 9

protects against the detritus effects of mutations (so results in silent mutations)

Question 10

4 main steps in the synthesis of proteins

Answer 10

1) charging tRNAs with amino acid
2) initiation of polypeptide synthesis
3) elongation of the polypeptide (addition of AA one at time)
4) termination of polypeptide synthesis

Question 11

what enzyme is involved in the charging of tRNAs with amino acids

Answer 11

aminoacyl tRNA synthase

Question 12

what does aminoacyl tRNA synths do

Answer 12

attaches amino acid onto the 3’ end of the tRNA - 1 ATP per amino acid

Question 13

what are the two subunits of ribosomes called

Answer 13

large (60s)

small (40s)

Question 14

three parts to the subunits

Answer 14

• exit - where consumes tRNA (lost AA) leaves
• peptide,
• aminoacyl - aminoacyl groove is where the next amino acid comes and sits in

Question 15

what end does the small subunit bind to on the mRNA

Answer 15

the 5’ cap end

Question 16

is the peptide added to the amino acid or is the amino acid to the peptide

Answer 16

peptide is added to the amino acid

Question 17

what is the enzyme that does this

Answer 17

peptidyltransferase