introduction to theroies

Question 1

socialisation

Answer 1

the process through which we learn society’s norms and values

Question 2

social institutions

Answer 2

a group that has specific roles, norms and expectations, which functions to meet to social needs of society

Question 3

how are we socialised?

Answer 3

• through social institutions such as family, education, media and religion
• rewarded for showing desirable behaviours and punished for showing undesirable behaviours.

Question 4

particularistic

Answer 4

rules and values that give priority to personal relationships

Question 5

primary socialisation def

Answer 5

teaches us particularistic norms and values - those specific to a group

Question 6

primary socialisation examples

Answer 6

• respect
• manners
  -reward/punishment
  -culture - norms,food,clothing,religion
• moral values

Question 7

secondary socialisation def

Answer 7

performed by other institutions - education, media, religion and these pass on universal norms and values.

Question 8

secondary socialisation examples

Answer 8

• independence - opinions
• interacting with others - different races, ages, genders ect
• laws
• punctuality/respect

Question 9

norms

Answer 9

rules or expectations that are socially enforced

Question 10

values

Answer 10

basic beliefs that guide the actions of individuals

Question 11

what is the name of the feral child

Answer 11

oxana malaya

Question 12

what happened to the feral child whilst growing up with dogs

Answer 12

she adapted the dogs mannerisms, she growled, barked, walked on all fours, and crouched like a wild dog. she sniffed her food ad only knew how to say no and yes

Question 13

how long did feral child live with dogs

Answer 13

ages 3 to 8

Question 14

norms examples

Answer 14

• holding the door for someone
• forming queues and the shops
• saying ‘bless you’ when someone sneezes

Question 15

2 types of social control

Answer 15

• formal
• informal

Question 16

example of informal control

Answer 16

• dislike, disapproval, isolation

Question 17

example of formal controls

Answer 17

police, legal system, fines, prison

Question 18

social stratification in simple terms

Answer 18

how people are placed in society in layers

Question 19

what does CAGE stand for

Answer 19

class, age, gender, ethnicity

Question 20

culture

Answer 20

is made from society’s norms, values, language and customs or traditions.

Question 21

social control

Answer 21

maintenance of order in society

Question 22

consensus approach

Answer 22

agreement in society that without it society would collapse into anarchy. we need shared norms and values. harmony.

Question 23

conflict approach

Answer 23

sees conflict as an essential to society and accepts that there are basic conflicts in society.

Question 24

structuralist

Answer 24

our behaviour is moulding and constrained. the individual is therefore a social construct made and controlled by society. this is a macro approach.

Question 25

social action

Answer 25

individuals have the ability to control their own actions. and are directing their own behaviour. this s a micro approach.

Question 26

examples of consensus in society

Answer 26

- at home with family - concerts - democracy - royal events - education - workplace - goals

Question 27

examples of conflict in society

Answer 27

- crime - social media - politics - war - age - class - gender - ethnicity

Question 28

how do functionalists see society

Answer 28

harmony and agreement. the see society like a biological organism that depend on each other.

Question 29

how do marxists see society

Answer 29

based on conflict. they argue that society is divided into two social classes - capitalists class and working class.

Question 30

role

Answer 30

the behaviour expected of an individual who occupies a given social position or status

Question 31

social structure

Answer 31

arrangement of institutions where by human beings in a society interact and live together

Question 32

orgganic analogy

Answer 32

Parsons' idea that society works in similar ways to the human body, with institutions being interdependent.

Question 33

materialism

Answer 33

need for physical things

Question 34

exploitation

Answer 34

ruling class using the proletariat

Question 35

capitalism

Answer 35

everyone wanting private ownership

Question 36

alienation

Answer 36

labour makes worker feel isoloted

Question 37

class consciousness

Answer 37

as working class are polarised they realise what class they are in

Question 38

ideology

Answer 38

a set of beliefs treated as distinctive to a particular group of category of person

Question 39

means of production

Answer 39

the social use and ownership of the elements needed to produce goods and services.

Question 40

marxism in simple

Answer 40

a social, economic and political philosophy that analyses the impact of the ruling class on the laborers, leading to uneven distribution of wealth and privileges in the society.

Question 41

what is a macro sociological approach

Answer 41

a bigger picture

Question 42

functional pre requisites

Answer 42

basic needs

Question 43

rose tinted

Answer 43

only seeing positive sides

Question 44

value consensus

Answer 44

the need for societies to have a common set of beliefs and principles to work with and towards

Question 45

moral panic

Answer 45

an exaggerated media reaction to behaviour that deviates from the norms and values of society and causes moral entrepreneurs, such as the police, church leaders, politicians, and the media themselves, to question whether the moral fabric of society is falling apart.

Question 46

expressive role

Answer 46

a functionalist understanding of the female's function in the family. The role of the female is to provide personality stabilisation, emotional support and child rearing.

Question 47

instrumental role

Answer 47

a functionalist understanding of the male's function in the family. This role's main purpose is to discipline and provide economic support for the family. Males who fulfil this role are considered to be power brokers in the relationship as they make all the decisions for the family.

Question 48

the tripate system

Answer 48

The division of the secondary sector into three types of school: grammar schools, technical schools, and modern schools

Question 49

GIST

Answer 49

girls into science and technology and was a project in the early 1980s to try and address gender differences in subject choice and encourage more girls to choose sciences at school.

Question 50

WISE

Answer 50

Women in Science and Engineering. Because of a historic tendency for girls and women to avoid STEM subjects (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) initiatives have existed to encourage and celebrate female engagement with these subjects.

Question 51

feminism of education

Answer 51

used to imply that there are significant and widespread effects on education caused by the predominance of female teachers

Question 52

gender domain

Answer 52

Tasks that girls see as their territory and what boys see as their territory

Question 53

symbolic capital

Answer 53

the resources available to an individual on the basis of honor, prestige or recognition, and serves as value that one holds within a culture

Question 54

hyper- heterosexual feminine identity

Answer 54

the working class girls spent considerable time, effort and money constructing glamorous and desirable heterosexual identities.

Question 55

gender regimes

Answer 55

challenges the traditional reduction of gender to the family. The gender regime is constituted by multiple institutional domains across society. The range of domains is debated: sometimes including economy, polity, civil society, and violence; while others include additional domains

Question 56

bedroom culture

Answer 56

is a theory developed by sociologist, Angela McRobbie and argues that girls are socialised to not engage in crime and deviance through bedroom culture; this is because they're virtually trapped in their room.