INTRODUCTION TO VIROLOGY

Question 1

One of the more complicated virus that has 9 genes

Answer 1

Herpesvirus

Question 2

Smallest animal virus (Latin)

Answer 2

Parvovirus

Question 3

Italian ssDNA virus

Answer 3

Picornavirus

Question 4

Largest animal virus (260x450nm)

Answer 4

Poxvirus

Question 5

2nd to the largest virus

Answer 5

Paramyxovirus

Question 6

SUFFIX: Virus family names

Answer 6

-viridae

Question 6

Viruses do not grow on

Answer 6

Artificial culture media

Question 6

Viruses grow on

Answer 6

Tissue culture, Animals, Chick embryo

Question 7

SUFFIX: Virus genus names

Answer 7

-virus

Question 8

Classification of Virus

Answer 8

Structure/composition, morphology, genome type, mode of replication

Question 8

dsDNA virus (Table 29.1)

Answer 8

Herpesviridae (Simplexvirus), Adenovirus (Mastadenovirus), Papillomaviridae (Papillomavirus), Poxviridae (Mollusci, Ortho, Para, Yatapoxvirus)

Question 8

SUFFIX: Virus subfamily names

Answer 8

-virinae

Question 8

dsDNA, ssDNA virus (Table 29.1)

Answer 8

Hepadnaviridae (Orthohepadnavirus)

Question 9

ssDNA virus (Table 29.1)

Answer 9

Parvovirus (Bocaparvovirus, Dependoparvovirus, Erythroparvovirus)

Question 10

dsRNA viruses (Table 29.1)

Answer 10

Picobirnaviridae (Picobirnavirus), Reoviridae (Rotavirus)

Question 11

Viral Replication Cycle

Answer 11

Adsorption, Penetration, Uncoating, Synthetic or Virion Production, Assembly, Release

Question 12

The first step in infection of a cell is attachment to cell surface via ionic interactions which are temperature independen.

Viral attachment protein recognizes specific receptor. (CHON, CHO, Lipid)

Answer 12

Adsorption

Question 13

The virus enters the cell in a variety of ways according to the nature of virus

Answer 13

Penetration

Question 14

Viruses adsorbed to the cell surface receptors then penetrate into the cell by mean of

Answer 14

Pinocytosis (a process also known as viropexis)

Question 15

Nucleic acid has to be sufficiently _ that virus replication can begin at this stage

Answer 15

Uncoating

Question 16

Make mRNAs, Proteins, and Genomes
Pilot proteins

Answer 16

Synthetic or Virion Production

Question 17

New viruses are _. There may be maturation step that follows this initial process

Answer 17

Assembly and Maturation

Question 18

Virus may be _ due to cell lysis. (Naked virus), or, if enveloped, may bud from the cell.

Answer 18

Release

Question 19

The simplest naturally occurring infective viruses

Consists of nucleocapsid

Answer 19

Virions

Question 20

Protective layer

Answer 20

Enveloped

Question 21

Contained the viral genome either DNA or RNA

Answer 21

Nucleic acid core

Question 22

Protects the Nucleic acid core and stimulates Ag-Ab production

Answer 22

Viral Capsid

Question 23

Capsomeres are made up of one or more polypeptides chain called _

Answer 23

Protomeres

Question 23

Morphologic units of capsid

Answer 23

Capsomeres

Question 23

Protein subunits can interact with each other and with the Nucleic acid core to form coiled, ribbon like structure

Answer 23

Helical Symmetry

Question 24

Platonic solid with twenty faces and. 5:3:2 rotational symmetry The capsid shell is made up of repeating subunits of viral protein

Answer 24

Icosahedral Symmetry

Question 25

Naked Icosahedral

Answer 25

Poliovirus, Adenovirus, Hepatitis A

Question 25

Naked Helical

Answer 25

Tobacco mosaic virus

Question 26

Enveloped icosahedral

Answer 26

Rubella virus, herpes virus, yellow fever virus

Question 27

Enveloped helical

Answer 27

Rabies virus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, mumps and measles

Question 28

Complex virus (oval or brick shape)

Answer 28

Poxvirus

Question 29

Recognize host cell receptor

Answer 29

Enveloped

Question 30

Agent that damages the envelope

Answer 30

Alcohols and detergents

Question 31

Enveloped virus are more susceptible to inactivation

Answer 31

High temperature, extreme ph and chemicals

Question 32

Enveloped viruses are more sensitive to

Answer 32

Detergents, heat, ethanol, ether and solvents

Question 33

Enveloped viruses have another protein, the _ which serves as a bridge between nucleocapsid and inner membrane of the envelope

Answer 33

Matrix protein

Question 33

Specific immune response

Answer 33

Humoral and cellular immune response

Question 34

Non-specific immune response

Answer 34

Interferonss

Question 35

Common host-cell reaction Viral replication results directly in cell destruction (cytopathology, so called “cytopathic effect” in cell structures)

Answer 35

Cytocidal infection (necrosis)

Question 35

The virus initiates a cascade of cellular events leading to cell death (“suicide”), in most cases interrupting the viral replication cycle

Answer 35

Apoptosis

Question 35

Viral replication per se does not destroy the host cell, although it may be destroyed by secondary immunological reactions (complement, inflammation)

Answer 35

Noncytocidal infection

Question 35

The viral infection transforms the host cell into a cancer cell whereby viral replication may or may not take place depending on the virus and/or cell type involved (Papillomavirus)

Answer 35

Tumor transformation

Question 35

The viral genome is inside the cell, resulting in neither viral replication nor cell destruction (Poliovirus, HIV)

Answer 35

Latent infection (“Dormant”)

Question 36

The presence of the virus often gives rise to morphological changes in the host cell Any detectable changes on the host cell due to infection are known as a _

Answer 36

Cytopathic effect (CPE)

Question 36

Mode of Transmission: (within a group of individuals or vertically (from mother to offspring)

Answer 36

Horizontally

Question 37

Mode of Transmission: infection is either transovarial or by infection of the virus in utero (ascending or displacental)

Answer 37

Vertical infection

Question 37

Mode of Transmission: infection is the term used when offspring are born infected

Answer 37

Connatal/ Neonatal transmission

Question 38

Prevention: induction of immunity is the most important factor

Answer 38

Vaccination

Question 39

Prevention: only relevant to hygienic measures necessitated by epidemic

Answer 39

Exposure prophylaxis

Question 40

Prevention: chemotherapeutic agent when infection is expected instead of after it has been diagnosed

Answer 40

Chemoprophylaxis

Question 40

Antiviral: Inhibits DNA Polymerase

Answer 40

Acyclovir, Cidofovir, Famciclovir, Ganciclovir, and Valacyclovir

Question 41

Antiviral: Inhibits DNA synthesis

Answer 41

Idoxuridine and Trifluridine

Question 42

Antiviral: Inhibits uncoating

Answer 42

Amantadine and Rimantadine

Question 43

Antiviral: Viral Replication

Answer 43

Interferon-a and Ribavirin

Question 44

Antiviral: Inhibits Proteases

Answer 44

Indinavir, Nelfinavir, Ritonavir, Saquinavir

Question 45

Antiviral: Active against

Answer 45

Lamivudine and Adefovir