Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Veterinary Toxicology > Introduction_ L1 TQs > Flashcards

Introduction_ L1 TQs Flashcards

1
Q

Define toxicology.

A
  • The effects of poisons on the FXN. of living systems
  • Includes ecotoxicity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who said “The dose makes the posion”?

A

Paracelsus

(grandfather of toxicology)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of the following compounds in most toxic?

  • Aspirin
  • Morphine
  • Nicotine
  • Caffeine
A

Nicotine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Clinical Toxicology?

What does it include?

A

Effects of a substance in the direct environment of the animal

  • Medications
  • Feed/Feed contaminants
  • Contact materials
  • Accidental exposure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the most common source of toxin exposure in companion animals?

A

Parasite control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the most common source of exposure in Farm Animals?

A

Feed contamination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the formula to determine the toxic effects of a substance?

A

Intoxication concentration (mg/Kg)

x

duration of exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  1. What is the substance in Garlic and Onions that is responsible for its toxicity in Dogs & Cats?
  2. What is its MOA?
A
  1. N-propyl sulfoxides
  2. Gluc-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors ⇒ glutathione depletion in RBCS ⇒ hemolytic anemia & heinz body formation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the toxic dose of Garlic and Onions in Dogs?

A

15-30 g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the toxic dose of Garlic & Onions in Cats?

A

5 g/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  1. What are Adverse Drug Rxns?
  2. What are the 2 types?
A
  1. Noxious or unintended responses occurring at therapeutic doses
  2. Type A (Augmented) & Type B (Bizarre)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give 3 examples of Type A ADRs.

A
  • Anti-coagulants ⇒ hemorrhage
  • Anxiolytics ⇒ sedation
  • Opioids ⇒ respiratory depression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give 3 examples of Type B ADRs.

A
  • Penicillin ⇒ anaphylaxis
  • Halothane ⇒ allergic liver damage
  • Chloramphenicol ⇒ bone marrow depression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is needed to cause a Hypersensitivity Rxn?

A

Hapten + endogenous protein (Ag)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

5 Drugs that cause Cutaneous Hypersensitivity Rxns?

A
  • Lidocaine
  • Penicillin
  • Phenobarb
  • Sulfamethoxazole
  • Trimethoprim
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

2 Drugs that cause Hepatic Hypersensitivity Rxns?

A
  • Halothane
  • Streptomycin
17
Q

3 drugs that cause Hemotological hypersensitiviy rxns?

A
  • Genatmycin
  • Penicillin
  • Sulphamethoxazole
18
Q

8 drugs that cause Systemic Anaphylaxis

A
  • Aspirin
  • Cephalosporins
  • Penicillin
  • Quinolone antibiotics
  • Tetracycline
  • Trimethoprim
  • Vancomycin
  • Vincristine
19
Q

How does a Type I Hypersensitivity Rxn occur?

A

A conjugated hapten binds to IgE ⇒

Histamine + Serotonin + Leukotrienes

20
Q

How does a Type II Hypersensitivity Rxn occur?

A

Cell-surface protein + IgG ⇒

Activated cells attack host cells bearing hapten

21
Q

How does a Type III Hypersensitivity Rxn occur?

A

Conjugated hapten + IgG ⇒ compliment formation

(Immune mediated complex dz)

22
Q

How does a Type IV Hypersensitivity Rxn occur?

A

Cell-surface protein + T killer cell ⇒

Delayed-type hypersensitivy

23
Q

What is an Idiosyncratic Rxn?

A
  • genetically determined abnormal reactivity to a chemical
  • extreme sensitiviy to low/high doses
24
Q

When do Idiosyncratic Rxns typically occur?

A

First 1-2 months of drug therapy

25
Q

Which drug can cause idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity in dogs?

A

Carprofen

26
Q

Give 3 examples of drugs that cause Delayed Toxicity and when these toxicities occur.

A
  • Asbestos toxicosis ⇒ years later
  • Diethylstillbestrol (DES) ⇒ skips generations
  • Organophosphate induced polyneuropathy ⇒ delayed
27
Q

How does Systemic toxicity differ from local toxicity?

A

Systemic toxicity ⇒

requires absorption and distribution

Veterinary Toxicology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions