INTROPSY - REINFORCEMENT & PUNISHMENT (OPERANT CONDITIONING)

Question 1

any event or stimulus that when following a response, increases the probability that the response will occur again

Answer 1

Reinforcement

Question 2

reinforcer that naturally reinforcing by meeting a basic biological need, (hunger,thirst,touch)

Answer 2

Primary Reinforcer

Question 3

reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer (praise,token,gold stars), somehow applying classical conditioning

Answer 3

Secondary Reinforcer

Question 4

a term used in Operant Conditioning for reward

Answer 4

Reinforcement

Question 5

money = you can buy your needs, this is a example of what reinforcer?

Answer 5

Secondary Reinforcer

Question 6

reinforcement of a response by the addition or experience of a pleasurable stimulus

Answer 6

Positive Reinforcement

Question 7

reinforcement of a response by the removal, escape from or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus

Answer 7

Negative Reinforcement

Question 8

when do you give the reward after this person/animal did the behavior

Answer 8

Schedules of Reinforcement

Question 9

response that’s reinforced after some, but not all correct responses tends to be very resistant to extinction | when you’re doing something good but not being rewarded everytime

Answer 9

Partial Reinforcement Effect

Question 10

reinforcement of each and every correct response

Answer 10

Continuous Reinforcement

Question 11

interval of time that must pass before reinforcement becomes possible is always the same (every 15 minutes of exercise = reward)

Answer 11

Fixed interval schedule

Question 12

interval of time that must pass before reinforcement becomes possible is diffent for each trial or event (15 minutes of exercise = reward or no reward, not fixed time)

Answer 12

Variable interval schedule

Question 13

number of responses required for reinforcemnt is always the same | consistent reward after number constant number of good things you have done

Answer 13

Fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement

Question 14

schedule of reinforcement in which the number of responses required for reinforcement is different each trial or event | unpredictable reward

Answer 14

Variable ratio schedule of reinforcement

Question 15

represents the concept of reinforcemnt, one of Skinner’s major contributions to behaviorism

Answer 15

what’s in it for me

Question 16

means “to strengthen” and defined it as anything that when following a response, causes that response to be more likely to happen again

Answer 16

Reinforcement

Question 17

a consequence that in some way pleasureable to the organism, which relates to Thorndike’s law effect

Answer 17

Reinforcement

Question 18

what fulfill a basic needs such as food(hunger drive), liquid(thirst drive), touch(pleasure drive)

Answer 18

Primary Reinforcer

Question 19

can be a primary reinforcer and fills a basic need when remove

Answer 19

painful stimulus | removal of painful stimulus | freedom from pain

Question 20

a behavior that is not only more difficult to suppress but also more like real life

Answer 20

partially reinforced behavior

Question 21

people tend to receive this rather tha continuous reinforcement for their work

Answer 21

Partial Reinforcement

Question 22

opposite of reinforcement

Answer 22

punishment

Question 23

any event or stimulus that when following a response, causes that respoonse to be less likely to happen again

Answer 23

punishment

Question 24

weakens responses

Answer 24

punishment

Question 25

strengthens responses

Answer 25

Reinforcement (positive or negative)

Question 26

1. PUNISHMENT BY APPLICATION 2. PUNISHMENT BY REMOVAL

Answer 26

2 kiinds of punishment

Question 27

1. POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT 2. NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT

Answer 27

2 KINDS OF REINFORCEMENT

Question 28

OCCURS WHEN SOMETHING UNPLEASANT IS ADDED TO THE SITUATION/APPLIED (SPANKING, SCOLDING, UNPLEASANT STIMULUS)

Answer 28

PUNISHMENT BY APPLICATION

Question 29

A KIND OF PUNISHMENT MOST PEOPLE WOULD THINK OF

Answer 29

PUNISHMENT BY APPLICATION

Question 30

A KIND OF PUNISHMENT THAT MANY CHILD DEVELOPMENT SPECIALISTS RECOMMEND PARENT TO AVOID USING AS IT CAN EASILY ESCALATE INTO ABUSE (PHYSICAL OR EMOTIONAL)

Answer 30

PUNISHMENT BY APPLICATION

Question 31

Spanking might be physically harmless if its only 2-3 swats with a HAND but if done in anger or w/a belt or other instruemnt, it becomes abusse (physical or emotional)

Answer 31

PUNISHMENT BY APPLICATION

Question 32

KIND OF PUNISHMENT MOST OFTEN CONFUSED W/ NEGATIVE REINFORCEMNT

Answer 32

PUNISHMENT BY REMOVAL

Question 33

BEHAVIOR IS PUNISHED BY THE REMOVAL OF SOMETHING PLEASURABLE OR DESIRED AFTER THE BEHAVIOR OCCURS

Answer 33

PUNISHMENT BY REMOVAL

Question 34

"GROUNDING"TEENAGERS IS REMOVING THE FREEDOM, WHAT PUNISHMENT?

Answer 34

PUNISHMENT BY REMOVAL

Question 35

IMMEDIATELY STOPPING DANGEROUS BEHAVIOR AND HAS TOO MANY DRAWBACKS TO BE REALLY USEFUL AND SHOULD BE DISCOURAGED

Answer 35

SEVERE PUNISHMENT

Question 36

MAY CAUSE CHILD/ANIMAL TO AVOID THE PUNISHER INSTEAD OF THE BEHAVIOR BEING PUNISHED = CHILD/ANIMAL LEARNS THE WROOG RESPONSE

Answer 36

SEVERE PUNISHMENT

Question 37

ENCOURAGE LYING TO AVOID PUNISHMENT

Answer 37

SEVERE PUNISHMENT

Question 38

CREATES FEAR AND ANXIETY, EMOTIONAL RESPONSES THAT DON'T PROMOTE LEARNING

Answer 38

SEVERE PUNISHMENT

Question 39

IF THE POINT IS TO TEACH SOMETHING THIS KIND OF CONSEQUENCE ISN'T GOING TO HELP

Answer 39

PUNISHMENT/SEVERE PUNISHMENT

Question 40

PROVIDES A SUCCESSFUL MODEL FOR AGGRESSION

Answer 40

HITTING

Question 41

1. PUNISHMENT SHOULD IMMEDIATELY FOLLOW THE BEHAVIOR ITS MEANT TO PUNISH

Answer 41

HOW TO MAKE PUNISHMENT EFFECTIVE

Question 42

2. PUNISHMENT SHOULD BE CONSISTENT (MUST FOLLOW THROUGH TO WHAT THE PUNISHER SAID AND SAME INTENSITY/INCREASE SLIGHTLY BUT NEVER DECREASE)

Answer 42

HOW TO MAKE PUNISHMENT EFFECTIVE

Question 43

3. PUNISHMENT OF THE WRONG BEHAVIOR SHOULD BE PAIRED POSSIBLE WITH REINFORCEMENT OF THE RIGHT BEHAVIOR

Answer 43

HOW TO MAKE PUNISHMENT EFFECTIVE

Question 44

MORE COMPLEX TRICKS ARE A PROCESS IN OPERANT CONDITIONING CALLED ___ IN WHICH SMALL STEPS TOWWARD SOME ULTIMATE GOAL ARE REINFORCED UNTIL THE GOAL ITSELF IS REACHED

Answer 44

SHAPING

Question 45

BOTH USED TO ANIMALS IN CIRCUS TO PERFORM A TRICKS

Answer 45

CLASSICAL AND OPERANT

Question 46

IN CLASSICAL CONDITIONING INVOLVES THE REMOVAL OF THE UCS THAT EVENTUALLY ACTS AS A REINFORCER OF THE CS-CR BOND

Answer 46

EXTINCTION IN CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

Question 47

IN OPERANT CONDITIONING IVOLVES THE REMOVAL OF THE REINFORCEMENT

Answer 47

EXTINCTION IN OPERANT CONDITIONING

Question 48

THE RECURRENCE OF A CONDITIONED RESPONSE AFTER EXTINCTION THAT HAPPENED BOTH IN CLASSICAL AND OPERANT CONDITIONING

Answer 48

SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY

Question 49

a biological stimulus causing involuntary reflexes

Answer 49

Primary reinforcer

Question 50

a conditioned stimulus causing learned behavior.

Answer 50

secondary reinforcer.

Question 51

process that strengthens the likelihood of a particular response by adding a stimulus after the behavior is performed.

Answer 51

Positive reinforcement

Question 52

strengthens the likelihood of a particular response, but by removing an undesirable consequence.

Answer 52

Negative reinforcement

Question 53

the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response.

Answer 53

Spontaneous recovery

Question 54

tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus.

Answer 54

Generalization

Question 55

that extinction in operant conditioning involves the removal of the

Answer 55

reinforcement.