LEARNING : CLASSICAL & OPERANT CONDITIONING

Question 1

any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice

Answer 1

learning

Question 2

any kind of change in the way an organism behaves

Answer 2

learning

Question 3

when ___ anything, some part of the brain is physically changed to record what they have learned

Answer 3

learning

Question 4

Russian Physiologist who discovered classical conditioning through his work digestion in dogs

Answer 4

Ivan Pavlov

Question 5

person who studies the working of the body

Answer 5

Physiologist

Question 6

learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than the original natural stimulus that normally produces the reflex

Answer 6

Classical Conditioning

Question 7

LEARNING TO ELICIT AN INVOLUNTARY, REFLEX-LIKE, RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS OTHER THAN THE ORIGINAL, NATURAL STIMULUS THAT NORMALLY PRODUCES THE RESPONSE

Answer 7

Classical Conditioning

Question 8

Learning = Association/Cues

Answer 8

Classical Conditioning

Question 9

naturally occurring stimulus that leads to an involuntary response

Answer 9

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)

Question 10

means “unlearned” or “naturally occurring”

Answer 10

Unconditioned

Question 11

involuntary response to a naturally occurring or unconditioned stimulus

Answer 11

Unconditioned Response (UCR)

Question 12

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) & Unconditioned Response (UCR)

Answer 12

Concept of Classical Conditioning which is (naturally occuring relationship | cause & effect)

Question 13

stimulus that becomes able too produce a learned reflex response by being paired with the original unconditioned stimulus

Answer 13

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Question 14

means “learned”

Answer 14

Conditioned

Question 15

can become a conditioned stimulus when paired with an unconditioned stimulus

Answer 15

Neutral Stimulus (NS)

Question 16

learned reflex response to a conditioned stimulus

Answer 16

Conditioned Response (CR)

Question 17

sometimes called a conditioned reflex

Answer 17

Conditioned Response (CR)

Question 18

explained trauma response and phobia

Answer 18

Classical Conditioning

Question 19

repeated pairing of the NS and UCS; organism is in the process of acquiring learning

Answer 19

Acquisition

Question 20

CS must come before UCS

Answer 20

Basic Principles of Classical Conditioning

Question 21

CS and UCS must come close together in time (several seconds apart)

Answer 21

Basic Principles of Classical Conditioning

Question 22

NS must be paired with the UCS several times, often times before conditioning take place

Answer 22

Basic Principles of Classical Conditioning

Question 23

if you want your response to be the same with another stimulus ensure that they always occur together

Answer 23

Acquisition

Question 24

stimulus that is distinctive or stands out from other competing stimuli

Answer 24

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Question 25

tendency to respond to a stimulus that's only similar to the original CS with the CR

Answer 25

Stimulus Generalization

Question 26

tendency to stop making a generalized response to a stimulus that's similar to the original CS, bec the similar stimulus is never paired w/ the UCS

Answer 26

Stimulus Discrimination

Question 27

use in therapy for trauma response

Answer 27

Stimulus Discrimination

Question 28

disappearance or weakening of a learned response following the removal or absence of the UCS (in classical conditioning) or the removal of reinforcer (operant conditioning)

Answer 28

extinction

Question 29

reappearance of a learned response after extinction has occured

Answer 29

Spontaneous Recovery

Question 30

relatively permanent change in behavior

Answer 30

Learning

Question 31

emotional response that has become classically conditioned to occur to learned stimuli

Answer 31

Conditioned Emotional Response (CER)

Question 32

may lead to phobias

Answer 32

Conditioned Emotional Response (CER)

Question 33

irrational fear responses

Answer 33

Phobia

Question 34

classical conditioning of a reflex response or emotion by watching the reaction of another person

Answer 34

Vicarious Conditioning

Question 35

development of a nausea or aversive response to a particular taste since that taste was followed by a nausea reaction

Answer 35

Conditioned taste aversion

Question 36

occurs after only one association

Answer 36

Conditioned taste aversion

Question 37

happening on other people

Answer 37

Vicarious

Question 38

you're being conditioned just by watching the reaction of another person

Answer 38

Vicarious Conditioning

Question 39

How social media conditioned you

Answer 39

Vicarious Conditioning

Question 40

tendency of animals to learn certain associations such as taste and nausea with only one/few pairings due to the survival value of the learning

Answer 40

Biological Preparedness

Question 41

explains why we like or don't like certain flavors

Answer 41

Biological Preparedness

Question 42

original theory, Pavlov stated, classical conditioning occurred bec the CS became a substitute for the UCS by being paired closely together

Answer 42

Stimulus substitution

Question 43

allows the brain to create a pattern (association/pairings)

Answer 43

Classical Conditioning

Question 44

what the brain hates the most

Answer 44

Unpredictability

Question 45

unpredictability of things creates a ?

Answer 45

cognitive distortion

Question 46

thinking of nonconnected/wrong things and making sense/pattern out of it

Answer 46

Cognitive distortion

Question 47

modern theory, classical conditionng is seen to occur since the CS gives information or an expectancy/predictability about the coming of the UCS

Answer 47

Cognitive Perspective

Question 48

learning of voluntary behavior through the effects of pleasant and unpleasant consequences to responses

Answer 48

Operant Conditioning

Question 49

simply about reward and punishment

Answer 49

Operant Conditioning

Question 50

if a response is followed by a pleasurable consequence = repeated

Answer 50

Thorndike's law of effect

Question 51

if a response is followed by a unpleasant consequence = not repeated

Answer 51

Thorndike's law of effect

Question 52

a behaviorist, wanted to study only the observable,measurable behavior

Answer 52

Skinner

Question 53

gave "Operant Conditioning" its name

Answer 53

Skinner

Question 54

learning depends on what happens after the response/consequence

Answer 54

Operant Conditioning (Skinner)

Question 55

any behavior that is voluntary

Answer 55

operant

Question 56

Law of Effect (Operant Conditioning)

Answer 56

Thorndike

Question 57

Changes in height or the size of the brain are controlled by a genetic blueprint.

Answer 57

MATURATION

Question 58

Changes due to biology and not experience

Answer 58

MATURATION

Question 59

Child learn to walk because of the nervous system, muscle strength and sense of balance all these factors are controlled by?

Answer 59

MATURATION

Question 60

UNLEARNED AND OCCURS BECAUSE OF GENETIC WIRING IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Answer 60

UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE

Question 61

response to a stimulus that is similar to the original CS

Answer 61

Stimulus generalization:

Question 62

response to different stimuli in different ways

Answer 62

Stimulus discrimination:

Question 63

presentation of the CS in the absence of the UCS leads to a reduction in the CR

Answer 63

Extinction

Question 64

the reappearance of a previously extinguished CR

Answer 64

Spontaneous recovery

Question 65

occurs when strong CS is paired with a new neutral stimulus; a new previously neutral stimulus becomes a second CS

Answer 65

Higher-order conditioning

Question 66

ONE OF THE FIRST RESEARCHERS TO EXPLORE AND ATTEMPT TO OUTLINE THE LAWS OF LEARNING VOLUNTARY RESPONSES (OPERANT CONDITIONING)

Answer 66

EDWARD L THORNDIKE

Question 67

DEVELOPED LAW OF EFFECT

Answer 67

EDWARD L. THORNDIKE