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Flashcards in IntrotoABX Deck (20)
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1
Q

T/F, all antibiotics can elicit an allergic response?

A

TRUE

2
Q

What agents inhibit cell wall synthesis?

A

Beta lactams, vancomycin, daptomycin and bacitracin

3
Q

Detergens (polymyxin) do what?

A

Act directly on the cell membrane of microorganisms affecting permeability and lead to leakage of intracellular components

4
Q

Which agents interact with bacterial ribosomes?

A

Chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, macrolides, clindamycin, streptogramins, and ketolides

5
Q

Which agents block initiation of protein synthesis?

A

oxazolidinones

6
Q

Which agents inhibit tRNA synthesis?

A

mupirocin

7
Q

Which agent has multiple mechanisms and leads to the disruption of RNA processing?

A

Aminoglycosides

8
Q

Quinolones inhibit what?

A

DNA topoisonerases

9
Q

What directly inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase?

A

Rifampin

10
Q

What indirectly inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase

A

Nitrofuratoin

11
Q

What do antimetabolites do?

A

Block bacterial folic acid pathways

12
Q

What are examples of antimetabolites?

A

Trimethoprim and sulfonamide

13
Q

What are the 2 ways antibiotics are used?

A

Empirical therapy and definitive therapy

14
Q

What are bacteriocidal and static categories?

A

1) directly kill bacteria
2) arrest growth or replication of bacteria—host immune system then eliminates pathogens

15
Q

How does resistance occur?

A

Drugs fail to reach their target (change in cell wall to increase efflux, decrease in cell membrane permeability, and decrease in cytoplasmic membrane transport)

Drug is inactivated
Target is altered
Adaptation that bypass need for a binding site

16
Q

What is innate resistance?

A

Long standing characteristic of a particular species of bacteria

17
Q

What is acquired resistance?

A

Random events that confer a selective advantage to the bacterium

18
Q

What are the methods of plasmid transfer?

A

Transduction, transformation, conjugation

19
Q

Does conjugation occur primarily in gram positive or negative bacilli

A

Negative

20
Q

What are some multiple drug resistant bacteria

A

MRSA, VRE, mycobacteria Tuberculosis