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Invertibrate Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Innovations in animal evolution

A
  1. Body Symmetry
  2. Tissues
  3. Body Cavities
  4. Embryonic development
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2
Q

Acoelomate

A

No cavity - organs embedded in mesoderm

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3
Q

Pseudocoelomate

A

False cavity - filled with fluid & suspended organs.

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4
Q

Coelomates

A

True cavity - better control since more muscles present .

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5
Q

Parazoa

A

General lack of any definite symmetry (sponges).

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6
Q

Eumetazoa

A

Habe bilateral symmetry.

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7
Q

What are the 3 classes of Porifera?

A

Calcarea
Demospongiae
Hexactindellia

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8
Q

Mesophyl

A

A gelatinous, protein-rich matrix found between the choanocyte layer and the epithelial layer of the body of a sponge.

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9
Q

Spongin

A

Protien made by sponges as endoskeleton. 90% of sponges use spongin. (10% use collagen)

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10
Q

Metamerism

A

Evolution of head & brain area in the anterior end of animals.

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11
Q

Nephridia

A

A tubule that open to the exterior of an invertebrate and acts as an organ of excretion or osmoregulation. Typically has ciliated or flagellated cells and absorptive walls.

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12
Q

What are the 5 classes of Porifera?

A 
Hydrozoa
Scyphozoa (jellyfish)
Cubazoa (box jellyfish)
Anthozoa (corals and anemones)
Staurozoa (star jellies)
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13
Q

Phylum Platyhelminths –> Classes

A

Class Turbellaria

Subphylum Neodermata

  • Class Trematoda
  • Class Cercomeromorpha
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14
Q

What are the classes of Annelida?

A

Clitellata

  • Leaches
  • Earthworms

Poluchaeta

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15
Q

Phylum Cnidaria –> Class hydrozoa

A
  • Majority of marine species

- Predators

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16
Q

Phylum Cnidaria –> Class cubozoa

A
  • All marine
  • medusa is dominant
    nematocysts are fatal
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17
Q

Phylum Cnidaria –> Class anthozoa

A
  • all marine
  • soft corals, anemones, sea fans, sea pens
  • solitary or colonial
  • no medusa
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18
Q

Phylum Cnidaria –> Class anthozoa –> orders

A

Hexacorallia (anemones & hard corals)

Octocorallia (soft corals)

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19
Q

Phylum Cnidaria –> Class Staurozoa

A
  • no polyp stage
20
Q

Phylum Platyhelminths

A
  • flatworms
  • unsegmented
  • triploblastic
  • acoelomate
  • bilateral symmetry
  • digestive, reproductive, nervous, and excretory systems
21
Q

Phylum Platyhelminths –> Class Turbellaria

A
  • Mostly free living
  • Some predatory/scavenging
  • Locomotion via cillia and/or rhythmic muscular contractions
22
Q

Phylum Platyhelminths –> Subphylum Neodermata –> Class Trematoda

A
  • flatworms; always parasitic

- heavy infestation can cause disease

23
Q

Phylum Platyhelminths –> Subphylum Neodermata –> Class Cercomeromorpha

A

always parasitic

24
Q

Phylum Annelids

A
  • free living or parasitic
  • Coelomate
  • Triploblastic
  • bilateral symmetry
  • digestive, muscular, excretory, and closed circulatory system
25
Phylum Annelids --> Class Citellata (Leaches)
- mostly freshwater & terrestial - anterior & posterior sucker - 32 segments - hermaphrodites
26
Phylum Annelids --> Class Citellata (Earthworms)
- mostly terrestial - up to 130 body segments - cephalisation (simple head - no eyes or jaws) - digestive, reproductive, excretory, nervous, closed circulatory (5 hearts), and respiratory systems - hermaphrodites
27
Phylum Annelids --> Class Polychaetes
- mostly marines - most complicated annelid - parapodia - found in most segments - digestive, circulatory, reproductive, & nervous systems - sexual reproduction - dioecious
28
Phylum Mollusca
- triploblastic - coelomate - protosomes - bilateral symmetry - complicated systems
29
Phylum Mollusca circulatory systems
Open circulation= → Blood collected from gills→ Heart→ Spaces in the tissues (hemocoel) → Gills Closed circulation= cephalopods have 3 hearts; two branchial hearts move blood through the gills, one systemic heart moves blood through the body in vessels
30
Phylum Mollusca body plan
three main parts; the foot, visceral mass and the mantle.
31
Phylum Mollusca --> classes
``` Bivalvia Cephalopoda Polypalacophora Gastropoda Caudofoveata Solenogastres Monoplaccophora Scaphopoda ```
32
How many classes of Phylum Mollusca
8
33
Phylum Mollusca --> class polyplacophora
Foot- broad & flat Mantle - from foot to base of plates Shells - 8 overlapping plates Head - simple Radula - present Ink - absent
34
Phylum Mollusca --> class bivalvia
Foot - reduced Mantle - lines both halves of shell Shell - 2 shells held together by a hinge Head - absent Radula - absent (filter feeders) Ink - absent
35
Phylum Mollusca --> class gastropoda
Foot - well developed Mantle - absent Shell - varied morphology Head - present (eyes & tentacles) Radula - present (rasping food) Ink - absent
36
Phylum Mollusca --> class cephalopods
Foot - modified into siphon & tentacles Mantle - used for locomotion via jet propulsion Shell - dependant on subclass Head - large, well developed, prominent eyes Radula - present with beak Ink - present
37
Phylum Arthropoda --> classes
Chelicerata Crustacea Insecta Myriapoda
38
Phylum Arthropoda
- triploblastic - coelomate - bilateral symmetry - exoskeleton made from chitin - jointed appendages - metamerism ( 2-3 segments)
39
Phylum Arthropoda --> Class Chelicerata
- chelicerae: feeding appendages, part of the mouth - pedipalps: used for sperm transfer or feeding, jointed appendages - never have antennae - 4 pairs of walking legs
40
Phylum Arthropoda --> Class Chelicerata --> Orders
``` Araneae - spiders Opiliones - daddy long legs Acari -mites and ticks Scorpions Pycnogonids -sea spiders Xiphosuran - Horseshoe crabs ```
41
Why are insects so successful?
1. Small size 2. Short life cycle 3. Large reproductive ability 4. Life history with Metamorphosis 5. Wings - 6. Evolutionary interactions with other Organisms 7. Adaption of appendages
42
Phylum Arthropoda --> Class Crustaccea --> Orders
Branchiopod – water fleas, brine shrimp Copepoda Cirripedia - barnacles Malacostraca – prawns, crabs
43
Phylum Arthropoda --> Class Crustaccea
- two main body parts, cephalothorax and abdomen | - have mandibles and nauplius larvae
44
Phylum Arthropoda --> Class Hexapoda
Three main body regions - Head: 1 pair antennae, compound eyes, mouthparts - Thorax: 3 pairs of legs (jointed and uniramous) - Abdomen: reproductive, digestive and respiratory structures
45
Phylum Echinodermata
- deutrostomes - triploblastic - coelomate - endoskeleton - water vascular system
46
Phylum Echinodermata --> Classes
``` Asteroidea (sea stars) Ophiuroidea (brittle stars) Echinoidea (sea urchins) Holothuroidea (sea cocumbers) Crinoidea (feather stars & sea lillies) ```

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