Involuntary movements/Gaits

Question 1

define involuntary movement

Answer 1

movement that patient cannot start or stop on doctor’s command

Question 2

what’s involuntary movement commonly caused by?

Answer 2

structural or biomechanical nervous system lesion

Question 3

physiological tremor

Answer 3

shaking in the fingers due to agonists and antagonists acions

Question 4

myoclonic jerks

Answer 4

startle reactions and are usually normal occurances

Question 5

where do myoclonic jerks occur?

Answer 5

whole body or just a large muscle group (jerk between waking and sleeping)

Question 6

if myoclonic jerks occur regularly, what can it be considered?

Answer 6

seizure disorder

Question 7

benign fasciculations

Answer 7

twitches within muscles often after exercise, nonpathological

Question 8

hypokinesia

Answer 8

decreased movement, seen in depression and Parkinson’s

Question 9

hyperkinesia

Answer 9

increased movement, exacerbated by emotional stress and decreased with response

Question 10

emotional tremor

Answer 10

rapid tremor, low amplitude that worsens with volitional movement

Question 11

familial tremor

Answer 11

hereditary tremor usually affects hands

Question 12

senile tremor

Answer 12

associated with aging

Question 13

Parkinsonian tremor

Answer 13

“pill rolling”

disappears with volitional movement

Question 14

what part of the brain has problems with parkinson’s?

Answer 14

basal ganglion

Question 15

intention tremor

Answer 15

tremor that worsens with refined volitional movement

Question 16

what part of the brain has problems with intention tremor?

Answer 16

cerebellu

Question 17

non-tremorous hyperkinesia or chorea

Answer 17

random, quick movements that represent normal movements

Question 18

athelosis

Answer 18

slow, writhing movements of fingers, extremities

it comes and goes

Question 19

what part of the brain is affected with athelosis?

Answer 19

pyramidal tracts

Question 20

dystonia

Answer 20

slow alternating contraction and relaxation of agonist and antagonists
one longer than the other, fixed joint contracture

Question 21

hemibalismus

Answer 21

violent fling of half the body

Question 22

tics

Answer 22

quick repetitive movememnts of face, tongue or extremities, associated with emotional stress

Question 23

akathisia

Answer 23

motor unrest manifested as continual shifting of posture or movement

Question 24

what people have a akathisia tremor?

Answer 24

parkinsons and psychotropic medication use

Question 25

epilepsy

Answer 25

tonic or clonic spasms of all or part of the body

Question 26

tardive dyskinesia

Answer 26

involuntary movement of face, mough, tongue and limbs

happens after neuroleptic agents

Question 27

tabetic/ataxic gait occurs from what?

Answer 27

posterior column disease

loss of proprioceptive sense of the extremities

Question 28

describe the tabetic/ataxic gait

Answer 28

wide base, slapping feet, watching legs
worse in the dark or with eyes closed
clumsiness or uncertainty
uneven steps, tottering and swaying, deviation to one side or the other

Question 29

describe hemiplegic gait

Answer 29

affected leg is rigid and is swung from hip in semicricle, leans to affected side
arm on that side is rigid, semiflexed
toes are forced down, abduction and circumduction of the limb are necessary to move it forward

Question 30

scissors gait is characteristic of what?

Answer 30

spastic paraplegia

Question 31

describe scissors gait

Answer 31

legs abducted, cross alternately in front of one another, knees scraping together
short, slow progression, spastic limbs
limbs in stiff jerky manner, accompanied by pronounced compensatory motions of the trunk and upper extremity

Question 32

what does a drunken/staggering gait result from?

Answer 32

acute alcoholism, drug poisoning, multiple neuritis, brain tumors, MS or general paresis

Question 33

what does a waddling/clumsy gait result from?

Answer 33

dislocated hips or muscular dystrophy

Question 34

describe waddling/clumsy gait

Answer 34

trunk muscles work to help walk, resulting in waddling

weakness of these muscles results in pelvic tilt

Question 35

early steppage gait

Answer 35

drag toe, L5 NR, L4 disc

Question 36

late steppage giat

Answer 36

high stepping horse/high knee, flopping foot
paralysis of anterior tibial muscles
L5 NR, L4 disc

Question 37

what can cause a steppage gait?

Answer 37

alcoholic neuritis, peroneal nerve injury, poliomyelitis, progressive muscular dystrophy

Question 38

cerebellar/ataxic gait

Answer 38

marked irregularity and unsteadiness associated with vertigo and tend to reel to one side
legs appear loose
slowly, limb unexpectely errradically and vigorously flung forward and lands with a slap on the floor
wide base, irregular, reeling or deviated, staggering on turning

Question 39

propulsion/festenation

Answer 39

“paralysis agitans”

forward-leaning and short, shuffling steps, slowly then faster

Question 40

what patients have a propulsion/festenation gait?

Answer 40

parkinson’s patients

Question 41

limping giat

Answer 41

affected extremity goes down carefully and takes a short step to keep wieght off ob bad limb
good limb works quickly and lands vigerously on floor

Question 42

what can limping gait result from?

Answer 42

pain, short leg, deformity of foot

Question 43

hysterical gait

Answer 43

stimulates paresis
only used in emergencies
giat is bizarre or fantastic, exaggerated motions
lurching, wildly waving, irregular bobbing movements, or exaggerated, slow, hesitant, slow motion action

Question 44

astasia-abasia

Answer 44

hysterical, bizarre uncoordination, unable to stand or walk

all movement is fine laying in bed