Multimodal, muscles, DTR

Question 1

Cortical sensory processing is primarily a function of what?

Answer 1

the parietal lobe

Question 2

sterognosis

Answer 2

place a common object in their hand with eyes closed and identify it

Question 3

barognosis

Answer 3

by putting similarly shaped objects in their hands with eyes closed, tell which is heavier

Question 4

topognosis

Answer 4

touch patient and have them point to where you touch (eyes closed)

Question 5

graphognosis

Answer 5

write a number on patient’s hand and have them identify it

Question 6

2 point discrimination

Answer 6

poke in 2 places with eyes closed and they say whether it feels like 1 or 2 points

Question 7

somatognosis

Answer 7

know if a body part is theirs

Question 8

nosognosis

Answer 8

know if they are ill

Question 9

which is first regarding a sensory exam for upper extremities

Answer 9

cotton wisp

Question 10

what is the second step regarding a sensory exam for upper extremities

Answer 10

pinprick

Question 11

what is the third step regarding a sensory exam of the upper extremities

Answer 11

tuning fork

Question 12

what is the fourth step regarding the sensory exam for the upper extremity

Answer 12

hot/cold stimuli

Question 13

if the examiner is questioning an area that has either an increased sensitivity-hyperesthesia or any decreased sensitivity-hypoesthesia then the examiner needs to

Answer 13

compare it to a spot that they know is normal

Question 14

who studied a number of cases involving herniated intervertebral discs and blocked a single nerve root and his termatome chart has little or no overlap

Answer 14

keegan

Question 15

what tissues are devoid of nociceptors?

Answer 15

inner annulus and nucleus of IVD
articular cartilage
synovial membrane

Question 16

true or false: the nociceptive system is inactive in normal joint

Answer 16

true

Question 17

mechanical nociception

Answer 17

path associated with an acute trauma or repetitive microtrauma

Question 18

thermal nociception

Answer 18

pain associated with exposure to excessive heat or cold

Question 19

chemical nociception

Answer 19

pain associated with excessive chemical exposure

Question 20

hyperesthesia is defined as ____irritation and the instrumentation reading breaks _____from the involved side

Answer 20

incraese, on the same side

Question 21

hypoesthesia is a defined as ______compression and the instrumentation breaks _____from the involved side

Answer 21

increased, on the opposite

Question 22

3 common denominator that are used for making the diagnosis of nerve root compression are by testing

Answer 22

superficial pain
comparing side to side
hypo- or hyperesthesia

Question 23

paresthesia

Answer 23

tingling sensation

Question 24

hyperesthesia

Answer 24

oversensitivity

Question 25

hypoesthesia

Answer 25

undersensitivity

Question 26

anesthesia

Answer 26

insensitivity

Question 27

what are the areas of motor systems that have been mapped out in an area known as...

Answer 27

motor homunculus

Question 28

motor cortex neurons control the actions of cranial nerves extending to the ________ tract to the brainstem to synapse on _____

Answer 28

corticobulbar tract, lower motor neurons

Question 29

other motor cortex neurons sent along the ____tract through the brainstem and descend down the spinal cord where they terminate in synapse on their corresponding _____

Answer 29

cortical spinal, LMN

Question 30

3 areas of muscle integrity are assessed for the purposes of neurological evaluation should include...

Answer 30

strength tone volume

Question 31

fundamentals of muscle testing

Answer 31

1. examiner must have mechanical advantage 2. ask the patient if they have pain during the examination 3. always compare strength bilaterally 4. evaluate the pattern if weakness is found. is it consistent with a myotoms orders the pattern pertaining to the peripheral nerve? 5. if a weakness is found, the examiner should continue the muscle test on an ongoing basis 6. to pick up minor weaknesses the examiner must perform repetitive testing to see if the muscle fatigues quickly. the muscles that have NR compression are generally weak and it comes about very quickly

Question 32

kinetic

Answer 32

power, the force exerted in changing position

Question 33

static

Answer 33

power, the force exerted in resisting movement

Question 34

in extrapyramidal syndromes, kinetic power may be ______and static power____

Answer 34

diminished, normal

Question 35

5 muscle strength

Answer 35

complete range of motion against gravity with full resistance and the patient was noted to be strong

Question 36

4 muscle strength

Answer 36

complete range of motion againast gravity with some resistance

Question 37

3 muscle strength

Answer 37

complete range of motion against gravity and the patient has enough strength to put the joints through normal range of motion

Question 38

2 muscle strength

Answer 38

complete range of motion with gravity eliminated

Question 39

1 muscle strength

Answer 39

evitence of slight contracture but not joint motion

Question 40

0 muscle strength

Answer 40

no evidence of contraction

Question 41

supraspinatus

Answer 41

C4-6, suprascapular

Question 42

deltoid

Answer 42

C5-6, axillary

Question 43

biceps

Answer 43

C5-6, musculocutaneous

Question 44

brachioradialis

Answer 44

C5-6, radial

Question 45

wrist extension

Answer 45

C6-8, radial

Question 46

triceps

Answer 46

C6-8, radial

Question 47

wrist flexion

Answer 47

C6-8, median, ulnar

Question 48

finger extension

Answer 48

C6-8, radial

Question 49

finger flexion

Answer 49

C7-T1, median, ulnar

Question 50

finger abduction

Answer 50

C8-T1, ulnar

Question 51

finger adduction

Answer 51

C8-T1, ulnar

Question 52

muscle tone is characterized as

Answer 52

normal, increased or decreased

Question 53

define specificity (muscle)

Answer 53

increased muscular resistance felt by examiner during quick joint movement, quickly fades away

Question 54

rigidity

Answer 54

involuntary muscular resistance felt when moving a resting joint

Question 55

hypotonicity

Answer 55

suggests neurological damage at the level of the reflex arc (LMN lesion)

Question 56

neural shock

Answer 56

occurs in acute, severe UMN damage in brain or spinal cord

Question 57

deficit phenomenon (LMN lesion)

Answer 57

loss of neurologic function

Question 58

release phenomenon (UMN lesion)

Answer 58

exaggerations of normal neurologic function, due to cortical inhibition

Question 59

biceps DTR

Answer 59

C5-6, musculocutaneous

Question 60

brachioradialis DTR

Answer 60

C5-6, radial

Question 61

triceps DTR

Answer 61

C6-8, radial

Question 62

finger flexion DTR

Answer 62

C7-T1, median/ulnar

Question 63

0 muscle stretch reflex

Answer 63

absent with reinforcement

Question 64

+1 muscle stretch reflex

Answer 64

hypoactive with reinforcement

Question 65

+2 muscle stretch reflex

Answer 65

normal

Question 66

+3 muscle stretch reflex

Answer 66

hyperactive

Question 67

+4 muscle stretch reflex

Answer 67

hyper active with transient clonus OR | hyper active with sustained clonus

Question 68

in evaluating he components of teh DTR the examiner needs to evaluate the speed of reaction, vigor of response and____

Answer 68

pain that may be associated with it

Question 69

Jendrassik maneuver

Answer 69

reinforcement of reflexes

Question 70

when is jendrassik maneuver utilized?

Answer 70

when reflexes appear to be diminished or absent

Question 71

assessment for pathological clonus for upper extremities is performed...

Answer 71

with patients eyes closed and looking away

Question 72

pathological clonus of upper and lower extremities suggests...

Answer 72

a loss of cortical inhibition

Question 73

assessment for pathological clonus for the lower extremities is performed...

Answer 73

with patient's eyes closed and looking away, with socks and shoes off

Question 74

3 cardinal signs of NR compression include...

Answer 74

hyposensation, break on same side, weakness