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Introduction to International Organisations > IO concepts and characteristics > Flashcards

IO concepts and characteristics Flashcards

1
Q

Enchanted view of IOs

A

celebrates IOs as the manifestation of international cooperation and promotes compliance with their rules as an inherently desirable policy choice
/
assumes that IOs are inherently good or better than a system without them

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2
Q

Institution

A

a body of norms, rules and practices that shape behavior and expectations, without necessarily having the physical character of an IO

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3
Q

IO characteristics

A
  1. Bureaucracy/headquarters
  2. Formal rules and procedures
  3. Regular state meetings
  4. At least 3 member states
  5. Formal treaty base
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4
Q

Where do IOs exist?

A

The conceptual and legal speace between state sovereignty and legal obligations

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5
Q

Categories of IOs

A
  1. Membership: universal v. limited
  2. Competence: comprehensive/general v. limited/issue-specific
  3. Function: rule-making v. operational
  4. Decision-making authority: interngovermental/pooled sovereignty v. supranational/delegated sovereignty
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6
Q

pooled sovereignty

A

decisions taken by all member states based on horizontal authority
/
interngovernmental

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7
Q

delegated sovereignty

A

decision taken by organizational body designated by member states based on vertical authority
/
supranational

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8
Q

What is the IO paradox

A

IOs are created out of sovereignty/commitments of states, yet the goal of IOs is to limit choices of sovereign states

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9
Q

ASEAN

A

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

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10
Q

OAS

A

Organisation of American States

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11
Q

NGO’s

A

established by non-state actors
‘‘common purpose’’ (common good purpose/goal)
local, national or transnational

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12
Q

International regime

A

implicit or explicit principles, norms, rules and decision-making procedures around which actors’ expectations converge in a given area of international relations
- Krasner 1983

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13
Q

Principles

A

beliefs of fact, causation and rectitute

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14
Q

Norms

A

standards of behaviour defined in terms of rights and obligations

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15
Q

rules

A

specific prescriptions of proscriptions for actions

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16
Q

decision-making procedures

A

how are things decided when coming together within a regime

17
Q

Scale of IOs, regimes and governance

A

IOs/NGOs
International Regimes
Global Governance

18
Q

global governance

A

the sum of the formal and informal ideas, norms, procedures and institutions that help all actors identify, understand and adress trans-boundary problems

19
Q

views on the role of IOs (Hurd)

A

IOs as Actors
- international legal personality
IOs as Fora
- arena for debate and negotiation
IOs as tools
- states can pursue their interest depending on how much power they have

20
Q

Three forces of IOs in world politics

A

OBLIGATIONS
- direct obligations in the treaty
- indirect obligations which arise in the course of the operation of the IO
COMPLIANCE
- rational/explicit choice e.g. when joining
- implicit/subtle (IOs shape the behaviour of states: they shape the international environment)
ENFORCEMENT
- mostly indirect (loss of reputation)

21
Q

State Sovereignty

A

legal and normative framework that constitutes states as the final authority over their territory and the people within it

22
Q

Sovereignty v. interdependence

A

it’s hard to determine the role of sovereignty in an interdependent world: where is the line between sovereign rights and the rights of a state to be independent from outside influence (policy in one country influences other countries)

23
Q

challenge IOs

A

IOs are stuck in the position of trying to influence actors that have the legal right and often the political power to resist that influence

24
Q

theory

A

a set of ideas that simplifies the complexity of the world and identifies the key forces and actors within it

25
Q

(Neo)realism
6

A
  • Morgenthau
  • anarchical international system
  • states as main actors
  • states are insecure -> power-seeking
  • international politics = pursue of (military) power
  • IOs as instruments of states to pursue national interest
26
Q

(neoliberal) institutionalism
5

A
  • Rob Cohen
  • States as most important actors
  • states as interdependent unitary actors
  • IOs enable cooperation by reducing transaction costs
  • international system is anarchical, but there is some community/cooperation
27
Q

principle agent theory

A

subcategory of institutionalism

states are principles that delegate some part of their sovereignty to IOs as agents

28
Q

liberalism
3

A
  • states most important actors
  • states plural actors (they differ from eachother)
  • IOs agreements of states with expectations of beneficial payoff
29
Q

interest-group liberalism
3

A
  • Andrew Moravscik
  • national interest is defined by multiple actors within states
  • subcategory liberalism
30
Q

regime theory
2

A
  • subcategory liberalism
  • rules form the basis of international regimes, rules aren’t only made by governments
31
Q

contractualism
4

A
  • IOs are contracts among governments, they are bargains of self-interested states
  • IOs are by-products of interstate promises
  • It is unfortunate when IOs act as independent actors
  • subcategory liberalism
32
Q

peace theory

A

the more trade, the less war
democratic states don’t go to war with each other
- subcategory liberalism

33
Q

social contstructivism
3

A
  • actors are driven by ideas (shaped by past interactions)
  • co-constitution (ideas of people and states form international politcs + are shaped by international politics)
  • Alexander Wendt: anarchy is what we make of it
34
Q

critical theories
6

A
  • want to understand and change/overcome the current international system
  • Marxism
  • feminism
  • decolonialism
  • postcolonialism
  • neo-gramscianism
  • world systems theory
35
Q

marxism

A
  • politics and economics are one singular system
  • IOs = expression of political and economic interests of powerful actors
36
Q

neo-gramscianism

A
  • IOs and international politics have become sovereign over states
  • states formation and interstate politics are moments of transnational dynamics of capital accumlation and class formulation
37
Q

world systems theory

A

world is devided into periphery, semi periphery and capitalist core

Introduction to International Organisations (13 decks)

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