Ionisation

Question 1

What is the first ionisation energy?

Answer 1

The energy needed to remove 1 electron from each atom in 1 mole of gaseous atoms to form 1 mole of gaseous 1+ ions

Question 2

What is the second ionisation energy?

Answer 2

The energy needed to remove 1 electron from each atom in 1 mole of 1+ gaseous ions to form 1 mole of gaseous 2+ ions

Question 3

How does the ionisation energy change to remove 1 electron to 8 in Mg?

Answer 3

1,2 very low ionisation energy but 3-8 high and slowly increasing
Taking the 3rd is Mg2+ which is a full outer shell so needs lots of energy

Question 4

How does the ionisation energy change down group 1 and why?

Answer 4

Gradual decrease as:
Larger atomic radius
More shielding
So there is a weaker electrostatic attraction between nucleus and electron

Question 5

How does ionisation energy change across period 1?

Answer 5

First 2 low but increasing until the 3rd which dips between the two as 2p orbital further from nucleus and more shielding
Then an increase until the 6th which drops as there is a pair of electrons repelling in p orbital then rises until the next period which drops right down

Question 6

How does the second ionisation of the first period differ to the first ionisation?

Answer 6

Everything shifts to the left