IONS Flashcards
(39 cards)
What is an ion?
An ion is an atom(a group of atoms) that has gained or lost one or more electrons, resulting in a net electrical charge
If an atom loses electrons, it becomes ….
Positively charge, this is called a cation
If an atom gains electrons, it becomes …
Negatively charged, this is called an anion
Cations
- Formed when an atom loses electrons
- positive ion
- Usually formed by metals
- Number of electrons lost determines the positive charge
Anion
- formed when an atom gains electrons
- Negative ion
- Usually formed by non-metals
- The number of electrons gained determines the negative charge
Metals (left side of the table) form …
Positive ions
Non-metals(right side of the table, groups 5 to 7) form …
Negative ions
Noble gases(group 8) …
Do not usually form ions because they already have full outer shells
What is ionic bonding?
The type of chemical bonding that occurs between metals and non-metals. Happens when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, creating oppositely charged particles called ions
High melting and boiling points(property) - explanation
Ionic bonds are strong and require a lot of energy to break
Solid at room temperature (property) - explanation
Due to their strong lattice structure
LATTICE STRUCTURE - 3D arrangement of atoms, ions or molecules
Conduct electricity[when melted or dissolved in water] (property) - explanation
Ions are free to move and carry charge
Brittle (property) - explanation
If the lattice is disturbed, like charges may line up and repel each other.
What is covalent bonding?
Type of chemical bond that happens between non-metal atoms. The atoms share pairs of electrons to achieve a full outer shell. This creates a molecule, a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds
Why do atoms share electrons?
To have a full outer shell since non-metal atoms cannot easily gain or lose electrons so they share them to fill their outer shells and become stable.
What is a covalent bond?
Formed when 2 atoms share a pair of electrons ,each atom contributes one electron to the shared pair. The shared pair of electrons holds the atoms together
Low melting and boiling points(property) - explanation
Weak forces between molecules, easy to separate
Poor conductors of electricity (property) - explanation
No free electrons or ions to carry change
Often gases or liquids (property) - explanation
Molecules not packed tightly like in solids
Don’t dissolve easily in water (property) - explanation
Except some like sugar and ethanol
Hydroxide(radical name) -symbol - valency
OH - 1
Nitrate (radical name) -symbol - valency
NO3 - 1
Ammonium (radical name) -symbol - valency
NH4 - 1
Sulfate (radical name) -symbol - valency
SO4^2- - 2
