Ions and ionic formula *MUST LEARN*

Question 1

Define the term atom

Answer 1

An atom is the smallest part of an element that can exist.

Question 2

Define the term ion

Answer 2

An ion is an atom which has lost or gained electrons.

Question 3

Formula and charge of the sulfate ion

Answer 3

SO₄^2-

Question 4

Formula and charge of the phosphate ion

Answer 4

PO₄^3-

Question 5

Formula and charge of the hydroxide ion

Answer 5

OH^-

Question 6

Formula and charge of the nitrate ion

Answer 6

NO₃^-

Question 7

Formula and charge of the carbonate ion

Answer 7

CO₃^2-

Question 8

Formula and charge of a hydrogencarbonate ion

Answer 8

HCO₃^-

Question 9

How many outer electrons does a group 1 atom have, and when it forms an ion, what charge does a group 1 ion have?

Answer 9

A group 1 atom has one outer electron which it loses to form an ion with a 1+ charge.

Question 10

How many outer electrons does a group 2 atom have, and when it forms an ion, what charge does a group 2 ion have?

Answer 10

A group 2 atom has two outer electrons which are lost to form an ion with a 2+ charge.

Question 11

How many outer electrons does a group 3 atom have, and when it forms an ion, what charge does a group 3 ion have?

Answer 11

A group 3 atom has three outer electrons which are lost to form an ion with a 3+ charge.

Question 12

How many outer electrons does a group 5 atom have, and when it forms an ion, what charge does a group 5 ion have?

Answer 12

A group 5 atom has 5 outer electrons and gains 3 more to form an ion with a 3- charge.

Question 13

How many outer electrons does a group 6 atom have, and when it forms an ion, what charge does a group 6 ion have?

Answer 13

A group 6 atom has 6 outer electrons and gains 2 more to form an ion with a 2- charge.

Question 14

How many outer electrons does a group 7 atom have, and when it forms an ion, what charge does a group 7 ion have?

Answer 14

A group 7 atom has 7 outer electrons and gains 1 more to form an ion with a 1- charge.

Question 15

How many outer electrons does a group 0 atom have, and when it forms an ion, what charge does a group 0 ion have?

Answer 15

A group 0 atoms has 8 outer electrons (except helium which has 2) and don’t lose or gain electrons to form ions - they already have a stable outer shell of electrons.

Question 16

Chemical formula of hydrochloric acid

Answer 16

HCl

Question 17

Chemical formula of sulfuric acid

Answer 17

H₂SO₄

Question 18

Chemical formula of nitric acid

Answer 18

HNO₃

Question 19

Name the two ions in hydrochloric acid

Answer 19

H⁺ and Cl^-

Question 20

Name the two ions in sulfuric acid

Answer 20

2 x H⁺ and SO₄^2-

Question 21

Name the two ions in nitric acid

Answer 21

H⁺ and NO₃^-

Question 22

Name the two ions in water

Answer 22

H⁺ and OH^-

Question 23

What is the name of the ion NO₃^- ?

Answer 23

nitrate ion

Question 24

What is the name of the ion N₃^- ?

Answer 24

nitride ion

Question 25

What is the name of the ion I^-

Answer 25

iodide ion

Question 26

Symbol and charge of a lithium ion

Answer 26

Li⁺

Question 27

Symbol and charge of a sodium ion

Answer 27

Na⁺

Question 28

Symbol and charge of a potassium ion

Answer 28

K⁺

Question 29

Symbol and charge of a magnesium ion

Answer 29

Mg²⁺

Question 30

Symbol and charge of a calcium ion

Answer 30

Ca²⁺

Question 31

Symbol and charge of a aluminium ion

Answer 31

Al³⁺

Question 32

Symbol and charge of a nitride ion

Answer 32

N^3-

Question 33

Symbol and charge of a sulfide ion

Answer 33

S^2-

Question 34

Symbol and charge of a hydrogen ion

Answer 34

H⁺

Question 35

Symbol and charge of a oxygen ion

Answer 35

O^2-

Question 36

Symbol and charge of a fluorine ion

Answer 36

F^-

Question 37

Symbol and charge of a chlorine ion

Answer 37

Cl^-

Question 38

Symbol and charge of a nickel (II) ion

Answer 38

Ni²⁺

Question 39

Symbol and charge of a tin (II) ion

Answer 39

Sn²⁺

Question 40

Symbol and charge of a strontium ion

Answer 40

Sr²⁺

Question 41

Symbol and charge of a silver ion

Answer 41

Ag⁺

Question 42

Symbol and charge of a barium ion

Answer 42

Ba²⁺

Question 43

Symbol and charge of a chromium ion

Answer 43

Cr³⁺

Question 44

Symbol and charge of an iron (II) ion

Answer 44

Fe²⁺

Question 45

Symbol and charge of an iron (III) ion

Answer 45

Fe³⁺

Question 46

Symbol and charge of a copper (I) ion

Answer 46

Cu⁺

Question 47

Symbol and charge of a copper (II) ion

Answer 47

Cu²⁺

Question 48

Symbol and charge of a lead (II) ion

Answer 48

Pb²⁺

Question 49

Symbol and charge of a zinc ion

Answer 49

Zn²⁺

Question 50

What is the overall charge of any ionic chemical compound

Answer 50

neutral - overall charge of positive ions present must be equal to overall charge of negative ions present