Iontophoresis Notes Flashcards
(48 cards)
What is iontophoresis?
a therapeutic technique that involves the introduction of ions into the body tissues by means of a DC
What is the difference between iontophoresis and phonophoresis?
Phono = involves the use of acoustic energy in the form of US to drive whole molecules across the skin into the tissues Ionto = uses an electrical current to transport ions into the tissues
How does transdermal iontophoresis compare to a passive skin application?
- Decreases absorption lag time
- Increases delivery rate
- Can deliver spiked and sustained release
What is the benefit of delivering spiked and sustained release?
Reduces the possibility of developing a tolerance to the drug
How does iontophoresis ensure that the plasma concentration is within the therapeutic window?
Delivers medication at a constant rate
What determines the rate at which an ion is delivered?
concentration of the ion pH of the solution molecular size of solute current density duration of treatment
What are the advantages of ionto to oral medications?
Concentrated in a specific area
Does not have to be absorbed in the GI tract
What is the cathode?
The electrode that has the greatest concentration of electrons, negatively charged
Which type of movement creates an acidic reaction? Alkaline?
Acidic = negative to positive Alkaline = positive to negative
What is the anode?
Electrode with a lower concentration of electrons
Which reaction is more likely to produce tissue damage?
Akaline
The force that acts to move ions through the tissues is determined by…
strength of the electrical field (current density)
electrical impendence of tissues to current flow
What determines ion migration?
the difference in current density between the active and inactive electrode
How can current density be altered?
- changing the size of the electrode
- increasing current density
- decreasing current intensity
Which electrode is recommended to be larger?
The negative electrode
What do sweat glands do in terms of conduction?
Decrease impedance,
How far does medication penetrate?
no more than 1.5 cm over a 12-24 hour period, only 1-3 mm during average 15 minute treatment
The quantity of ions transferred into tissues is determined by….
Intensity of current
Current density at active electrode
Duration of current flow
Concentration of ions in solution
How can ion transfer be increased?
Increasing intensity
Increasing duration of treatment
What is the hazard of increasing treatment duration?
skin impedance decreases, increasing likelihood for burns
What type of current does ionto use?
Continuous direct current, ensures unidirectional flow
What type other type of current is being research for ionto?
AC, may help avoid burns and increase drug delivery
What is the range for the current density used?
0.1 mA/cm2 - 0.5 mA/cm2 of the active electrode used
What is the treatment duration?
10-20 minutes, 15 minute average
