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Pocitacove Siete 1 > IPv6 > Flashcards

IPv6 Flashcards

1
Q

Kedy boli vycerpane globalne zasoby IPv4?

A

2011

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2
Q

Co sa nachadza na sietovej vrstve IPv4?

A

IP, ICMP

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3
Q

Co sa nachadza na transportnej vrstve IPv4?

A

TCP, UDP

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4
Q

Aka je dlzka IPv4 adresy?

A

32 bitov

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5
Q

Aka je dlzka IPv6 adresy?

A

128 bitov, zvacsa 64 bitov siet a 64 bitov interface

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6
Q

Ake sposoby komunikacie ma IPv6?

A

unicast, anycast, multicast ale NEMA BROADCAST

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7
Q

Preco nema IPv6 broadcast?

A

Nie je tak pouzivany okrem lokalnej siete, tak to je vymyslene tu inak.

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8
Q

Cim je nahradene ARP v IPv6?

A

Neighbor Discovery

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9
Q

Kde nastava fragmentacia paketov v IPv6 na rozdiel od IPv4?

A

Len u zdroja

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10
Q

Ako reprezenutujeme IPv6 adresu?

A

16-kova sustava, 8 blokov po 4 cislice

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11
Q

Co reprezentuje adresa ::1

A

0000:0000:…:0001 teda suvisle useky 0 vieme vynechat

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12
Q

Co repretentuje 1234::abcd?

A

1234:0000:0000:…:abcd teda vieme vynechat suvisle useky 0

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13
Q

V adresnom priestore, co je adresa ::/128?

A

nespecifikovana adresa, analogia 0.0.0.0

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14
Q

V adresnom priestore, co je adresa ::1/128?

A

loopback (analogia 127.0.0.1)

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15
Q

V adresnom priestore, co je adresa FF00::/8?

A

multicast

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16
Q

V adresnom priestore, co je adresa FE80::/10?

A

link-local unicast

17
Q

Aky je vztah anycastovych adries a unicastovych?

A

Anycastove su podmnozina unicastovych

18
Q

Co ma kazda normalna IPv6 adresa poslednych 64 bitov?

A

IID, ak je linkova vrstva ethernet, tak je odvodeny z linkovej adresy

19
Q

Co je Link-local unicast?

A

Kazdy interface ma aspon 1 link-local adresu, su pouzitelne na komunikaciu medzi susedmi
FE80:0000:0000:0000:IID

20
Q

Ako reprezentujeme broadcast v IPv6?

A

FF02::1

21
Q

Ake su casti globalnych IPv6 adries?

A

globalny prefix 48 bitov
subnet 16 bitov
64 bitov IID

22
Q

Aky prefix sa pouziva na reprezentaciu IPv4?

A

::FFFF:0000:0000/96

23
Q

V akom tvare su sukromne siete v IPv6?

A

FD00::/8 40 bitov nahodnych, 16bitov subnet a 64 bitov IID

24
Q

Na co sluzi Neighbor Discovery Protocol?

A 
mapovanie IPv6 adresy na linkovu adresu
hladanie routera
zistovanie existencie uzla s danou adresou
detekciu duplicitnych adries
detekciu nedostupnosti suseda
redirect
...
25
Q

Co pouziva Neighbor Discovery?

A

ICMP

  • Router Solicitation
  • Router Advertisiment
  • Neighbor Solicitation
  • Neighbor Advertisiment
  • Redirect
26
Q

Ako prebieha konverzia z IPv6 na linkovu adresu?

A
  • Neighbor Solicitation - multicast na Solicited-node address pre pozadovanu unicast adresu
  • Neighbor Advertisiment - obsahuje hladanu linkovu adresu
  • Pre multicast 3333xxxxxxxx kde xxxxxxxx je poslednych 32 bitov multicast adresy
27
Q

Ako prebieha autokonfiguracia IPv6?

A
  1. Vygenerovanie link-local adresy a overenie jedinecnosti
  2. Vyslanie Router Solicitation na FF02::2
  3. Router posle Router Advertisiment na FF02::1, odtial ziskame info o prefixe, skombinujeme prefix s IID, ziskame default router a optional aj konfiguraciu DNS
28
Q

Ake su zaznamy v DNS pre mapovanie na IPv6 adresy?

A

AAAA

29
Q

Co pouzivame pre reverzne vyhladavanie IPv6 adries v DNS?

A

ip6.arpa

30
Q

Ako prebieha reverzne vyhladavanie IPv6 v DNS?

A
  1. IP sa rozdeli po 4 bitoch odzadu - 1234::abcd => d.c.b.a.::.4.3.2:1
  2. Jemnejsia granularita ako IPv4
31
Q

Pre kazdu IPv4 adresu aa.bb.cc.dd existuje IPv6 v tvare…

A

2002:aabb:ccdd::/48

32
Q

Pakety do inej IPv6 siete smeruju zabalene do IPv4 cez aky relay?

A

192.88.99.1

33
Q

Su dnes bezne OS pripravene na prechod na IPv6?

A

Ano

34
Q

Kde je problem pre prechod na Ipv6?

A

V aplikacnych protokoloch

35
Q

Je mozna priama komunikacia medzi Ipv4 a IPv6?

A

Nie

36
Q

Co vieme pouzit na komunikaciu medzi Ipv4 a IPv6?

A

proxy servery na aplikacnej urovni alebo IPv6/Ipv4 translatory

37
Q

Co patri medzi IPv4/IPv6 translatory?

A

IPv6 klient -> IPv4 server
DNS64 - konvertuje A na AAAA
NAT64 - priradi IPv4 adresu IPv6 adrese klienta a prepisuje IPv6 hlavicku na IPv4 a naopak

38
Q

Pozri si este priklady na konci prez.

A

KUKNI mORE

Pocitacove Siete 1 (6 decks)

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