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Pocitacove Siete 1 > TCP/IP > Flashcards

TCP/IP Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Co obsahuje sietova vrstva v TCP/IP?

A 
protokol IP
prenos IP paketov medzi dvoma zariadeniami
fragmentacia paketov
adresy - 4B čísla
cast adresy - siet, druha konkretny uzol
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2
Q

Aky je protokol IP?

A

Connection less unreliable

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3
Q

Ake pozname triedy IP adries?

A
  1. x.x.x - 126.x.x.x A (7 bit siet, 24 bit host)
  2. x.x.x - 191.x.x.x B (14bit siet, 16bit host)
  3. x.x.x - 223.x.x.x C (21bit siet, 8 bit host)
  4. x.x.x. 239.x.x.x D
  5. x.x.x - 255.x.x.x E vyhradené
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4
Q

Na akých adresách prebieha multicast?

A

224.x.x.x. 239.x.x.x D

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5
Q

Co je maska a co urcuje?

A

urcuje, ktore bity tvoria adresu siete
suvisly blok 1 suvisly blok 0
teda napr 255.255.255.128 - 25bitov siet

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6
Q

Aka je adresa siete? Teda identifikator

A

0.0.0.0

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7
Q

Aka je adresa pre broadcast?

A

Same 1, teda 255.255.255.255

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8
Q

na akej IP pocuva lokalny pocitac?

A

127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0

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9
Q

ake adresy su pre sukromne siete?

A

192.168.0.0/16, 172.16.0.0/12, 10.0.0.0/8

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10
Q

Aka je adresa pre broadcast na lokalnej sieti?

A

255.255.255.255

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11
Q

Ake su adresy pre 158.195.16.0/255.255.254.0?

A

adresy 158.195.16.1 - 158.195.17.254

broadcast 158.195.17.255

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12
Q

co obsahuje IP paket? A opis ho aj jeho velkost

A

hlavicka (20 az 60B)
maximalna velkost 65536 B
umoznuje fragmentaciu paketov

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13
Q

Co obsahuje hlavicka IP paketu?

A 
adresu odosielatela a ciela
dlzka paketu
transportny protokol
time-to-live
kontrolny sucet
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14
Q

Co je to router?

A

Pocitac/HW s aspon 2 sietovymi interfaceami/linkami

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15
Q

Co je routovacia tabulka?

A

Obsahuje adresu, masku, dalsi router a sietovy interface (viac riadkov)

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16
Q

Aku polozku vyberam v routovacej tabulke?

A

Najspecifickejsiu, s najvacsou maskou kde to sedi

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17
Q

Opis riadok v routovacej tabulke

158.195.18.0/255.255.255.0 - eth0

A

Ak mam adresu 158.195.18.x, tak to posielam na sietovu kartu eth0

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18
Q

Opis riadok v routovacej tabulke

0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0 158.195.18.209 eth0

A

Hocico co neprejde pred tym posielam cez eth0 na 158.195.18.209

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19
Q

Co riesi ARP?

A

Preklad IP adresy na fyzicku

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20
Q

Na akej vrstve sa nachadza ARP?

A

Na linkovej

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21
Q

Co je skratka ARP?

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A

Address resolution protocol

22
Q

Ako prebieha preklad ARP IP na fyz adresu?

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A
  1. vyšle broadcast “Kto má IP a.b.c.d?”
  2. zariadenie s IP a.b.c.d odpovie:
    “IP a.b.c.d má zariadenie x:y:z:p:q:s”
23
Q

Aky je broadcast cez ethernet?

Study These Flashcards
A

FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF

24
Q

Aky je multicast cez ethernet?

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A

01:00:5E:X:Y:Z kde X:Y:Z je spodnych 23 bitov z IP adresy

25
Co riesi ICMP?
diagnostiku a spracovanie chyb, napr. ping, destination unreachable, redirect, Time-to-live exceeded a pod.
26
Co je chyba redirect?
router posunul paket do rovnakej fyzickej siete z akej dosiel, teda nebolo treba ist cez router
27
Co je skratka ICMP?
Internet Control Message Protocol
28
Ake pozname protokoly v TCP/IP? a ich connection a spolahlivost?
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) - connection oriented, reliable UDP (User Datagram Protocol) - connection-less unreliable
29
Na akej vrstve sa nachadzaju protokoly TCP a UDP?
na transportnej
30
Co navyse v adrese obsahuju protokoly TCP a UDP?
Cislo portu
31
Co obsahuje hlavicka UDP?
zdrojovy a cielovy port, velkost, kontrolny sucet
32
Co obsahuje hlavicka TCP?
zdrojov a cielovy port, sekvencne cislo, potvrdzovacie cislo, velkost okna, priznaky, kontrolny sucet a pod
33
Preco je TCP reliable?
Kazdy paket sa potvrdzuje, ak sa nepotvrdi tak sa paket posle znova
34
Co je sekvencne cislo?
Určuje poradie prvého bajtu segmentu v prúde dát aplikačnej vrstvy. Číslovanie prúdu dát sa začína náhodným číslom a po dosiahnutí maximálnej hodnoty 2^(32)-1 pokračuje opäť od nuly.
35
Ako sa vytvara spojenie v TCP? Ake priznaky sa posielaju?
SYN SYN ACK ACK
36
Ako sa ukoncuje spojenie v TCP? Ake priznaky sa posielaju?
FIN ACK FIN ACK ACK
37
Na co sluzi NAT?
umoznuje komunikaciu zo siete so sukromnymi adresami
38
Co je skratka NAT?
Network Address Translation
39
Co je source NAT? SNAT
zdroj spojenia ma sukromnu adresu
40
Co je destination NAT? DNAT
ciel spojenia ma sukromnu adresu
41
Co si uchovava router v NAT?
tabulku spojeni: - adresa a port zdroja a ciela - protokol - prelozena adresa a port
42
Co robi router v NAT pri odoslani prveho paketu von?
1: prepise adresu zdroja na prelozenu 2. prepise port zdroja na vlastny 3. zapise spojenie do tabulky
43
Co robit router v NAT pri poslanie dalsieho paketu von?
najde spojenie v tabulke a prepise adresu a port zdroja podla tabulky
44
Co robi router v NAT pri prijati paketu zvonku?
najde spojenie v tabulke | prepise adresu a port ciela podla tabulky
45
Co robi DNAT router pri prijati paketu zvonka na urcenu verejnu adresu a port?
Ak je spojenie v tabulke, prepise ciel podla tabulky | Inak prepise ciel konfiguracie a spojenie zapise do tabulky
46
Co robi DNAT router pri odoslani paketu von?
Najde spojenie v tabulke | Prepise zdroj podla tabulky
47
Ako dlho sa da drzat spojenie v tabulke? TCP a UDP?
TCP - sledovanie stavu spojenia | UDP - timeout
48
Aky je port HTTP?
TCP/80
49
Aky je port telnet?
TCP/23
50
Aky je port ssh?
TCP/22
51
Aky je port DNS?
UDP/53 a TCP/53
52
Kedy ma zmysel pouzit UDP?
Napr stremovanie, netreba nam spolahlivost ale potrebujeme len rychlost

Pocitacove Siete 1 (6 decks)

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