IR III

Question 1

The term “Flow Diverter” was introduced
by

Answer 1

Lieber et al.

Question 2

What year did The term “Flow Diverter” was introduced?

Answer 2

2004

Question 3

Where is flow diversion primarily done?

Answer 3

Circle of Willis

Question 4

Flow diverter was previously called _______?

Answer 4

Flow disruption

Question 5

was the first flow diverter to receive certification marking (CE) approval in Europe for the endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms.

Answer 5

Medtronic of Dublin, Ireland

Question 6

is the ratio of its open, metal-free area to the total stent area

Answer 6

Porosity

Question 7

is the ratio of the metal covered area divided by the total stent area

Answer 7

Metal Coverage

Question 8

is the number of pores divided by the area (pores per square millimeter)

Answer 8

Pore Density

Question 9

The major arteries supplying
the brain include the: _______, _______.

Answer 9

Internal Carotid Arteries
Vertebral Arteries

Question 10

Internal Carotid Arteries and Vertebral Arteries forms the _______ and supply blood to different
regions of the brain.

Answer 10

Circle of Willis

Question 11

Is a cerebrovascular disorder
characterized by a localized dilation
or ballooning of a blood vessel in
the brain due to a weakness in the
vessel wall.

Answer 11

Cerebral Aneurysm

Question 12

Also known as intracranial aneurysm

Answer 12

Cerebral Aneurysm

Question 13

is a minimally invasive procedure that treats brain aneurysms by
inserting tiny platinum coils into
the aneurysm via a catheter,
effectively blocking blood flow
and preventing rupture

Answer 13

Cerebral Aneurysm Coiling

Question 14

is a medical procedure that uses X-rays and a special dye to visualize the blood vessels in the brain and neck, helping doctors diagnose conditions like aneurysms,
blockages, and other vascular issues.

Answer 14

Cerebral angiogram/Brain angiogram

Question 15

credited with inventing cerebral angiography

Answer 15

Egas Moniz

Question 16

an American-based
neuroradiologist, developed
the concept of the detachable
coil, which he then
successfully used to treat his
first patient in 1991

Answer 16

Guido Guglielmi

Question 17

Cerebral angiogram PHC protocol

Answer 17

• AP L & R
• Lateral L & R
• LAO & RAO 30°
• Cerebral Prop Scan
• Measurement

Question 18

Is a thin, long, and flexible tube, typically made of plastic, that is inserted into the blood vessels to reach the aneurysm.

Answer 18

Microcatheter

Question 19

Cutaneous blush or warmth

Answer 19

Stag 1 Quiescence

Question 20

• happen when a group of
  blood vessels in your body forms incorrectly
• It most often occur in the spinal cord and any parts of
  the brain, but can also develop elsewhere in the body.

Answer 20

Arteriovenous malformations

Question 21

Bruit, thrill or other signs of expansion

Answer 21

Stag 2 Expansion

Question 22

Pain, bleeding, ulceration, or infection

Answer 22

Stag 3 Destruction

Question 23

Cardiac Failure

Answer 23

Stag 4 Destruction

Question 24

• involves the complete resection
  (removal by cutting out) of the
  tangled blood vessels from the
  brain. The surgical procedure used
  for AVM removal is called a
  craniotomy and it is done under
  general anaesthesia.

-It also uses laser snd
electrocautery

Answer 24

Surgery

Question 25

- is a procedure in which beams of highly energized photons (light particles) are aimed precisely at the abnormal vessels of the AVM using a Gamma Knife. best for smaller AVMs

Answer 25

Radiosurgery

Question 26

- is a procedure which involves inserting a certain type of glue into the AVM with the help of a very thin tube called a catheter. - This blocks blood flow into the AVM, which may help limit blood loss during surgery. This could also slow down the blood flow, which may reduce the chance of bleeding if open surgery is not performed immediately afterwards.

Answer 26

Embolization

Question 27

- (less than 3 cm in diameter) may be treated with embolization, particularly if they are located in areas that are difficult to access surgically or if they cause symptoms like headaches or neurological deficits.

Answer 27

Small AMVs

Question 28

between 3 cm and 6 cm in size are more commonly treated with embolization, especially if they are located in deep or inaccessible areas, such as the brainstem or spinal cord.

Answer 28

Medium AMVs

Question 29

greater than 6 cm in size are typically considered large and may present a higher risk of bleeding or other complications

Answer 29

Large AMVs

Question 30

Panning Protocols of AMV embolization

Answer 30

- 360 3D rotation (cerebral) - AP and Lateral (angulation only if needed or suggested by the Interventional radiologist) - Digital Subtraction Angiogram - before and after the embolization angiogram