Irene Gold Microbio Flashcards
(233 cards)
1
Q
antitoxin
A
antibody that counteracts toxin (artifical passive, purified antserum from animals)
2
Q
Toxoid
A
Inactivated toxin (still antigenic, artificial active VACCINE)
3
Q
endo toxin
A
Lipid portion of lipopolysaccharides (cell wall of pathogenic bacteria) (gram negative) (Heat stable) (Salmonella, influenza)
4
Q
Exotoxin
A
proteins produced in pathogenic bacteria (gram positive) heat Labile cook foods, streptococcus, botulism, pertussis
5
Q
Enterotoxin
A
protein polypeptide, target intesitne,vibero cholera/foodpoisining
6
Q
Neurotoxin
A
nervous system, botulism, tetanus
7
Q
vector
A
living organism that transfers agent
8
Q
fomite
A
inanimate object transmits infections agent
9
Q
hapten
A
partial antigen/half antigen. only illicite immune response when combined with protein
10
Q
interferon
A
signaling proteins, released by host cells in viral infectioon
11
Q
opsonin
A
Tags things in body that should be phagocytosed (neutrophil)
12
Q
Prion
A
accellular protien that denatures other proteins
13
Q
antigen
A
foreing substance (bacteria, fungi, allergens, venom, toxins)
14
Q
antibody
A
protein produced by the immune system to to attack and fight off antigens
15
Q
IgA
A
antibody, Mucosa antibody, saliva terars breast milk gut
16
Q
IgE
A
antibody, parasitic, alergic, (type 1 hypersensitivity), hodgkins disease. AlergEEEEE
17
Q
IgM
A
antibody, first response, Primary exposure, Largest/Heavist MIGHT MARINES
18
Q
IgG
A
Antibody. Secondary exposure, most numerous, crosses placenta
19
Q
Interleukins
A
Chemical produced by immune cells and effect immune cells (Proliferation, activation, maturation, differentiation) Inflammatory
20
Q
Interleukin 1
A
Interleukin of alert. Made my macrophages
21
Q
Interleukin 2
A
Interleukin of organize. Made by t lymphocytes (CD4)
22
Q
Interleukin 3
A
Interleukin of proliferate (made by stem cells in bone marrow.
23
Q
CD4
A
Helper T Cells (memory). signal cytotoxic t cells, B lymphocytes, and macrophages
24
Q
CD8
A
Cytotoxic T Cells. Natural Killer Cells
25
Major Histocompatibility Complex
Recognize foreign substance. on surface of proteins. Self vs Nonself.
26
Class 1 MHC
found on almost every cell in organism. T Cells(CD8) recognize MHC 1
27
Class 2 MHC
Restricted to cells of immune system (macrophages and lymphocytes) B Cells (CD4) Recognize MHC 1&2
28
Natural Active Immunity
Body is exposed to a disease and the names antibodies against that disease (Measles, chicken pox, COVID)
29
Natural Passive Immunity
Body is given antibodies in utero or breast feeding (IgG in utero IgA during breastfeeding)
30
Artificial Active Immunity
Body is injected with and attenuated organism. (MMR vaccine, DPT Vaccine)
31
Aterficial Passive
Body is injected with preformed antibodies (tetanus antitoxin)
32
Type 1 Hypersensitivity
Anaphylactic Immediate. IgE, Mast cells, Basophils. (Bronchial ashtma, Bee sting , Hay Fever, Peanut allergy)
33
Type 2 Hypersensitivity
Cytotoxic, IgG antigen + antibody. (Good pastures, erythroblastosis fetalis, blood transfusions, Myasthenia gravis, Graves disease)
34
Type 3 Hypersensitivity
Antibody/mmunce complex mediated IgG. antigen + antibody + complement. (glomerulonephritis, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, arthus reaction/serum sickness
35
Type 4 Hypersensetivity
Delayed Hypersensitivity/Cell Mediated/ Cellular, T cell, Lymphocytes. (Tuberculosis, Contact Dermatitis, Transplant rejection.
36
Acid Fast stane
Detects Mycobacterium (tuberulosis, leprosy)
37
ASO titer/Antitrepotolysin O Titer
Detects streptococcus pyogenes (strep throat, erysipelas, rheumatic fecter, glomerulonephritis, impetigo, scarlet fevet)
38
Blood agar
detect hemolytic bacteria, based on blood cell destruction/
39
Catalase
Differentiate Staphylococcus from streptococcus
40
Chocolate agar
Decect Neisseria gonorrhea
41
Coagulase
Differentiate If its Staphylococcus AUREUS
42
Coliform
test for water bacterial contamination (Ecoli)
43
Coombs
blood test, blood related condtitions
44
Dick Test
skin test to determine susceptibility of scarlet fever
45
Elisa Test
Blood test for HIV AIDS-CD4 count.
46
Giemsa stain
detects protazoa
47
gram stain
differentiates gram positive from gram negative
48
Gram Positive Bacteria
"BLCCSS" bacilis, listeria, clostridium, cornybacterium, staphylococcus,streptococcus
49
HLA B27
blood test, detectsdetect protein that is the name of the test. (Indicates seronegative arthritis.
50
Hektoein agar
differetiates shigella and salmonella.
51
MacConkey agar
differentiate lactose (ecoli, lactose backteria)
52
Mannitol salt agar
detect Staphylococcus
53
Sabouraud agar
dectects fungi
54
schick test
blood test to detect diptheria
55
shultz charlton test
skin test, susceptibility to scarlet fever.
56
weil felix
Blood test to diagnose all rickettsia organisms, Except Coxiella burnetti
57
Western blot
A blood test to confirm a positive HIV infection, also detects lyme disease
58
Tzanck smear
skin test, epithelial cells (herpes zoster, herpes simplex, varicella.
59
Tests for Syphylis (treponema pallidum)
Kline test, wasserman reaction, VDRL test, Dark field microscopy, spirochete bacteria
60
Tests for tuberculosis (mycobacterim tuberculosis)
Matoux test, PPD, Ziel Nelson, Xray
61
Tests for Mononucleosis (epstein barr virus)
heterophile antibody test, blood smear, incluseion body (downey cells)
62
Aschoff bodies
Inclusion body associated with rhematic fever
63
Babes Ernst granules
inclusion bodies associated with diptheria
64
Councilman cells
Inclusion bodies associated with viral hepatitis
65
Downey cells
inclusion bodies associated with mononucleosis
66
gohn leisons
inclusion bodies associated with tuberculosis
67
guarnieri bodies
inclusion bodies associated with smallpox (variola)
68
gumma spots/leisons
inclusion bodies associated with tertiary syphilis
69
koplik spots
inclusion bodies associated with measlesli
70
lipofuscin
inclusion bodies associated with old age pigment (browns atrophy)
71
Lewy Bodies
inclusion bodies associated with parkinsons
72
mallory bodies
inclusion bodies associated with alcohol induced hepatitis
73
negri bodies
inclusion bodies associated with rabies
74
reed sterberg cells
inclusion bodes associated with hodgkins lymphoma
75
russel bodeis
inclusion bodies associated with multiple myeloma
76
etiology
study of the cause of a disease
77
incidence
number of new cass of a disease
78
Prevalence
number of existing cases of a disease
79
Emerging
New disease or rapid increase
80
endemic
amount of a particular disease that is usually present in a community (histoplasmosis, coccidiomycosis, bastomycosis)
81
Epidemic
an increase in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in that population in a specific area.
82
pandemic
epidemic over several countries
83
CDC
complies morbitidy and epidemilogical studies, statistics, not research
84
EPA (environmental protection agency)
Monitors soil, air, and water quality
85
FDA (Food and drug administration)
regulates health products release to the public
86
NIH ( National institude of health)
responsible for research not statistics
87
OSHA (occupatinal saftery and health administration)
Responsible for workplace safety
88
USDA (US department of agriculture)
regulates meat, pultry, and egg products
89
Formaldehyde
preserves gross specimens, mannugacture of vaccines, anti infective drugs, hard gel capsules
90
iodine
pre operation disinfectant, thyroid disorders
91
vancomycin
initial antibiotic treatment for MRSA
92
Erythromycin
Currently used to prevent opthalmia neonatorum (Neisser4ia gonorrhea)
93
silver nitrate
in the past, used to prevent opthalmia neonatorum (nesseria gonhorea)
94
Penecilin
antibiotic, gram positive bacteria, staphylococcus is resistent
95
streptomycin
antibiotic, gram negative bacteria, inhibits protein synthesis
96
Sulfa
antibiotic, gram negative bacteria, competes with PABA
97
tetracycline
broad spectrum antibiotic, gram negative and gram positive bacteria, inhibits protein synthesis
98
Autotroph
Eats inorganic material
99
Heterotroph
Eats organic material
100
Saprophyte
Eats Dead/decaying material
101
parasite
eats off living organizms (one benefits the other is harmed)
102
faculatative aerobe
prefers oxygen to survive
103
faculatative anaerobe
prefers no oxygen in order to survive
104
Microaerophillic
can only survive in reduced oxygen environments
105
Symbiosis
One or both benefit
106
mutualism
both benefit
107
synergism
both benefit and rely on eachother
108
commensalism
obe benefits while other is unaffected
109
monotrichous
single flagella on one pole
110
lophotrichus
mul;tiple flagella on one pole
111
amphitrochous
flagella on both pols
112
peritrichous
flagella everywhere
113
pseudomonas aeruginosa
blue green pus
114
serratia marcescens
red pus
115
chlamydia
white pus
116
candida albicans
white dischage, thrush
117
staphylococcus aureus
yellow
118
Neisseria gonorhea
yellow green pus
119
Bccilli
bar/ rod shape
120
cocci
round/ oval/ spherical
121
diplococcus
coffee bean shape (gonorrhea
122
pleamorphic
many shapes (mumps)
122
bullet
rabies shape
123
sphirocite
spiral shape (syphilis)
124
linear
streptococcus shape
125
cluster
staphylococcus shape
126
vibrio
comma shaped (cholera)
127
hymenolepis nana
worm that enters through mouth, gives diarrheas (dwarf tapeworm)
128
taenia solium
worm that comes from uncooked pork, gives you cystercosis, (larvae infect liver, eye, brain
129
diphylllobathrium latum
worm that comes in through mouth after eating contaminated fish, gives you megoloblastic anemia, (MC in pacific northwest)
130
echinococcus graulosis
worm that comes from dog feces, gives you hydatid cysts in liver and lung (dogs humans and wolves)
131
schistosoma jamonicum
worm that comes from infested waters, symptoms: swimmers itch (inhabits liver,blood trematode, hosts snail)
132
paragonimus westermani
worm, vector: mouth, (lung trematode, host is crawfish or crab)
133
ascaris lumbricoides
worm vector: oral fecal symptoms: ascariasis, clicky pain, (small intestine)
134
Wuchereria bancrofti
worm, vector: mosquitos, symptoms: filariasis, elephantiasis, lymphatic blockage
135
necator amaericanus (Hookworm)
worm that comes from walking in fecal contaminated soil
136
enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
wom, vector: anus-finger-mouth. nocturnal anal itching, (scotch tape test aka anal cellophane test used to diagnose, daycare)
137
onchocerca valculus
Worm, vector: flies (africa)
138
loa loa
worm, vector: flies (african eyeworm, river eyeworm)
139
trichinella spiralis
worm, vector: raw pork, trichinosis (infects muscles)
140
trichuris trichura (whip worm)
worm, vector: oral fecal, symptomes :weight loss
141
adenoviridae
DNA, adenovirus
142
papillomaviridae
DNA, papillomavirus
143
herpes viridae
DNA herpes symplex, viricella zoster, cytomegalovirus, epstein barr virus
144
poxvirirdae
DNA, smallpox , molluscum
145
hepadnaviridae
DNA, hepatitis B
146
JParamyxoviridae
RNA virus, measles, mumps, RSV
147
orthomyxoviridae
RNA virus, influenza A,B,C
148
filoviridae
RNA virus, ebola, marburg
149
bunyaviridae
RNA virus,hantavirus
150
reoviridae
RNA virus, rotavirus
151
piconaviridae
RNA virus,rhinovirus, polio, echo, coxackie
152
togaviridae
RNA virus, rubella, western encephalitis, easern encephalitis
153
flaviviridae
RNA virus,dengue, yellow fever, st louis encephalitis
154
caliciviridae
RNA virus, norwalk
155
Hepatitis A
orol fecal, not a carrier for life, RNA, No treatment.
156
Hepatitis B
Sex, Carrier for live, liver cancer, DNA, Japanese
157
Hepatitis C
tatoos/blood, carrier for life, liver cancer, RNA
158
hepatits D
co infection with hepatitis B, carrier for life, liver cancer, RNA, Dane particle replicates in presence of Hep B
159
Hepatitis E
oral fecal, not a carrier for life, RNA, contaminated water
160
Arbovirus
virus spread by the bite from arthropods such as mosquitos, ticks, fleas
161
Aboroviruses
west nile, easter encepalitis, western encepahalitis, st louis encephlaitis, yellow fever, dengue, zika, chikungunya
162
Herpes Simplex Skin reaction Virus
type 1: above the belt, trigeminal, typer 2: below the belt, secual contact
163
Herpes zoster Skin reaction Virus
shingles, dorsal root ganglion, dermatomal pattern
164
molluscum contagiousumSkin reaction Virus
small raised, white pink rash, pearly appearence
165
papovavirusSkin reaction Virus
skin contact, warts, sex contact: hpv (6/7=warts, 16/18=cancer)
166
rubella aka german measlesSkin reaction Virus
congenital rubella = maternal infection of rubella
167
rubeola aka red measles Skin reaction Virus
koplic spots (3 cs. cough, coryza, conjuctivits)
168
vaccinia Skin reaction Virus
cowpox
169
varicella zosterSkin reaction Virus
chicken pox
170
variola Skin reaction Virus
small pox, guarneri inclusion bodies
171
Coxackie (Enteric reaction VIrus)
causes childhood sysentary, hand foot mout hdisease
172
echo vius (Enteric reaction VIrus)
skin rashes and heart disesase
173
hanta virus (Enteric reaction VIrus)
comes form rodents
174
polio (Enteric reaction VIrus)
fecal oral, anterior horn of spinor cord, repiratory paralysis
175
andenovirus (respiratory reaction virus)
causes conjuctivits and pharyngitis
176
mumps (respiratory reaction virus)
plleomorphic, cytomegalic paramyxovirus, paratitis,
177
RSV (respiratory reaction virus)
croup and bronchitis
178
Cytomegalovirus
latent infection that causes birth defects. dissiminated disease in AIDS patients
179
Rabies
bullet shaped, hydrophobia, negri bodies
180
reyes syndrome
negative reaction to aspirin, fatty liver, encephalopathy
181
Botulism (food born bacteria)
Clostridium botulim, home canning (gram positive, heat labile, prevents aach release, diploplia, death)
182
listeria (food born bacteria)
deli meats, soft cheeses, gram positive
183
Salmonella (food born bacteria)
Salmonella enteritidis, eggs/poultry, heat labile
184
typhoid fever (food born bacteria)
rose colored spots on abdoment, peyets patches, gallbladder
185
staphylococcus (food born bacteria)
gram positive, heat stable. STOIC (scalded, toxic shock, osteomyelitis, empetigo, carbuncles)
186
Brucellosis aka Bangs disease (water born bacteria)
brucella abortus, water milk, (undulant fecer, spontaneous abortions in cattle)
187
cholera (water born bacteria)
cibrio cholera, contaminated watter, comma shapped, rice water stools, no immune reaction
188
shigella (water born bacteria)
soil/water, dysentary, blood in stool
189
travelers diarrhea aka montexumas revenge (water born bacteria)
e coli, contaminated water, hamburgers disease
190
pontiac fever aka minor legionnaires disease (water born bacteria)
legionella lonbeachae, water droplets, leisure
191
Parrot fever (water born bacteria)
chlamydia psittaci, water droplets, infected birds
192
leptospirosis (water born bacteria)
leptospira interrogns, contaminated water, spirochete, hemmoragic jaundice
193
Anthrax (soil borne bacteria)
Bacillus anthracis, soil/animals, gram positive, Woolsorters disease, zoonosis
194
tetanus (soil borne bacteria)
clostridium tetani, soil, gram positive, prevents release of GABA and glycine (inhibitory transmitters), causes lockjaw or tetany
195
shigella (soil borne bacteria)
shigella, soil/water, bacterial dysentary, blood in stool
196
gas gangrene (soil borne bacteria)
clostridum perfringens, clostridum welchii, soil, gram positive,
197
Bubonic plague (arthropod born bacteria)
Yersinia pestis, rat flea, bubo = neck / axillary lymph node enlagment. death by aphyxiation
198
tularemia (arthropod born bacteria)
francisella tularenis, rabits/squirrels, hunters are most at riskly
199
lyme disease (arthropod born bacteria)
borellia burgodorferi, deer tick, sphirochete, bulls eye rash
200
relapsing fever (arthropod born bacteria)
borelia recurrentis, ticks/lice/rabbits, shirochete, fever comes and goes
201
Rickettsial pox (rickettsia Baceria)
MITES
202
Epidemic Typhus
Louse
203
Trench fever
Louse
204
Rocky mountain spotted fever
Wood tick
205
Scrub typhus
mites
206
Endepmic typhus
Fleas
207
Q fever
milk
208
Chlamidia
white pus, 1st PID, Chlamydia trachomatis
209
Gonorrhea
Yellow green pus, Gram negative diplococci, MC cause of opthalmia, 2nd PID, Silver nitrate.erythromyosin
210
Venereal Syphilis
Spirochete, primary=Painless ulcer, secondary=warts, Tertiary=neurosyphilis
211
Amebiasis (protozoal infections)
entamoeba histolytica, contaminated food/water, amoebic dysentery
212
Giardiasis (protozoal infections)
giardia lamblia, stream water, Flatulance, mucous diarhea, 4 pairs of flagella, common complication in aids
213
Leishmaniasis (protozoal infections)
Leishmania donovani, sand flies, viscerotrophic infection, multi organ failure
214
malaria (protozoal infections)
Plamodium vivax, female mosquito, Anemia, chronic splenomegaly, MC form
215
Malaria (protozoal infections)
plasmodium falciparum, mosquitos, Most fatal form, Black water fever, urinating oxidized blood
216
toxoplasmosis (protozoal infections)
toxoplasmosis gondii, cat feces/uncooked meat, miscarriage, oppourtunistic in AIDS
217
Typanosmiasis/ Chagas Disease ( (protozoal infections)
trypanosoma cruzi, kissing "reduviid" bug,
218
trypanosomiasis / Aftrican sleeping sickness (protozoal infections)
Trypanosoma gambiense, Tsetse fly
219
Aspergillosis (fungal infection)
Aspergillus fumigatus, nuts and grains, fungus ball in lungs, Causes primary liver cancer
220
Blastomycosis (fungal infection)
Eastern seaboard
221
Coccidomycosis (fungal infection)
Endemic fungus, San Joaquin valley fever, Deserts of south west
222
Histoplasmosis (fungal infection)
Endemic fungus, Bird/ bat droppings, Missisipi/ohio valley fever, cacific leisons in lung
223
Aids pneumonia (fungal infection)
Pneumocystis carinii, MC fungal infection in ADIS, MC cause of death in AIDS
224
sporotrichosis (fungal infection)
sporothris schenckii, rosebush thorns and flowers, gardeners
225
cryptococcus (fungal infection)
crytococcus neofrmans, bird droppings
226
Tinea Barbae (cutaneous mycoses)
Ringworm of beard
227
Tinea capitis (cutaneous mycoses)
ringworm of scalp
228
Tinea corporis (cutaneous mycoses)
ringworm of body
229
Tinea cruris (cutaneous mycoses)
ringworm of groid (jock itch)
230
tinea faciei (cutaneous mycoses)
ringworm of face
231
tinea pedis (cutaneous mycoses)
ringworm of foot (athletes foot)
232
Tinia unguium (cutaneous mycoses)
ringworm of nail.
