Irene Gold pathology Flashcards
(250 cards)
1
Q
degeneration from Calcium infiltration into normal tissues (Hyperviatminosis D)
A
Calcification, Metastatic Calcification
2
Q
degeneration from Calcium influx into abnormal/damaged tissue (Calcification of aorta, atherosclerosis)
A
Calcification, Dystrophic
3
Q
Degeneration Due to chronic infection like tuberculosis
A
caseous necrosis
4
Q
Degeneration due todenaturing of protins (myocardial infarction)
A
Coagulation
5
Q
Degeneration due to fat deposits (nutmeg liver: heat= tabby cat heart
A
FATTY DEGENERATION
6
Q
degeneration that completely liquified (CNS or SKin)
A
Liquefacation
7
Q
Degeneration of peripheral nerves (node of ranvier)
A
Wallerien degeneration
8
Q
decrease in size (muscle)
A
atrophy
9
Q
increase in size (muscle)
A
hypertrophy
10
Q
Increae in cells (goiter, pregnant uterus)
A
hyperplasia
11
Q
changing cell types (PCCE changing to stratified squamous in smoker)
A
Metaplasia
12
Q
changes in size, shape or function of a cell (precancerous, last reversible stage)
A
Dysplasia
13
Q
Cancer = complete disorganization of cell (squamous cell carcinoma)
A
anaplasia
14
Q
found in bone, muscle , ligaments, fascia
A
type 1 collagen
15
Q
found in nucleus propulsis
A
type 2 collagen
16
Q
“reticular collagen” seen in early would healing (requires vitamin C)
A
type 3 collagen
17
Q
basement membrane
A
type 4 collagen
18
Q
black lung, coal miners, (caplans syndrom = _____ +RA)
A
antracosis
19
Q
leads to mesothelioma, malignant tumor (construction)
A
asbestosis
20
Q
endemic fungus on eastern seabord (florida to nova scotia)
A
bastomycosis
21
Q
cotton dust from farmers (brown lung)
A
bysinosis
22
Q
endemic fungus in southwest desserts (san joquin valley fever)
A
coccidiomysosis
23
Q
endemic fungus around missisippi or ohio
A
histomycosis/ histoplasmosis
24
Q
iron dust in the lungs
A
siderosis
25
sillica from sand rock or glass "Rocky quary disease"
silicosis
26
"cuchmans spirals and "charcot leyden crystals" type 1 hypersensitivity
asthma
27
Patchy inflamation of bro chilled and adjacent .aveoli (elderly/immoblr pts)
bronchopneumnia
28
coal miners lung with RA nodules
Caplans
29
affect chloride chanells, GI and respiratory mucouls linings and exorcine secretion. susceptible to psuno monus anurism
cystic fibrosis/ salty baby syndrom
30
alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency. loss of elasticity, decreased forced expiratory volume. barrell chest
emphysema
31
iron in lungs due to bleeding
hemosiderosis
32
honeycomb lung
pulmonary fibrosis
33
caseous necrosis in lungs. ghon lesion. if spread to spin = potts disease. if vertebra collapses = gibbus deformity
tuberculosis
34
nephrolithiasis. calcium olate = MC . pain pattern = starts in back and radiates to flank
kidney stones
35
RBCs and small amounts of protein in the urine. acute glomerulonephritis
nephritic syndrome
36
HEP. Hypertension, edema, and protein in uring. Pre elamspia = HEP, Exlampsia = HEP+convulsions
pheochromocytoma
37
moth eated appearence
polycysitic kidney diesease
38
nephroblastoma. malignant mixed tumor of kidney in children
Wilms tumor
39
hypocoritisolism. LBP. Hyperpigmentation of face and lips
addisons
40
excess aldosterone hypertension and water retetnion
conns
41
hypercorisolism. moon face, buffalohump, purple striae, central obesity
cushings
42
hyperplasia of thyroid cells due to lack of iodine.
goiter
43
hyperthyroidism. causes ezxopthalmosis, heat intolerance, weight loss, rapid heart rate& hair loss.
graves disease
44
autoimmune cause of hypothyroidism
hashimoto
45
hypothyroidsm.cretism in the infant. causes cole intolerence, weight gain, slow heart rate, loss of lateral 1/3 if eyebrows
myxedema
46
MC cancer in females, hpv 16 virus implicated/ hpc = main cause of ______
cercival cancer
47
d/t failure of testes to descend. can cause tesicular cancer
cryptorchidism
48
mc site is in the ovary, mc reason for ectopic pregnancy
eendometriosis
49
urethra exits on the dorsal surface of the penis
epispadius
50
urethra opens on the ventral surface of penis
hypospadius
51
benign tumor of smooth muscle (uterine fibroids)
leiomyoma
52
causes anovulation, obesisty, hirsuitism, metabolic desease associated wit hdiabetes mellitus
PCOS
53
MC cause of testicular cancer in younmg males
seminoma
54
soft painful nodule caused by haemophilis ducreyi
chancroid
55
Gray/white discharge. Fish odor, bacterial vaginosis
gardnerella vaginalis
56
coffee been shaped, mc arthitis to effect knees.
gonorrhea
57
caused by chlamydia. produces rectal stricutes
lymphogranuloma venerum
58
purulent vaginal discharge. green frothy fish foul smelling discharge. Strawberry cervix
trichimonas
59
decreased adh dut to posterior pituiraty problem caused dehydration
diabetes insipidus
60
decreased production of insuin via betal cells of pancreas
diabetes mellitus
61
iron in organs in skin
hemochromatosis
62
protein malnutrition
kwashiorkor
63
complete calorie malnutrition
marasmus
64
inborn error of copper metabolism. kayse flesher rings = copper deposits in the eye
Wilsons
65
transverse depression on the fingernales. acute /severe ilness
beaus lines
66
seen with hypoxia due to long standing lung conditions
clubbing
67
inflamation of the nail bed. m/c/c herpes
paronchia
68
subacute bacterial endocarditis
splinter hemorrhages
69
iron deficiency anemia. concave curvature of the nails
spoon nail
70
causes megaespophagus dueto absense of myenteric plexus
achlasia
71
metaplasia of esphageal cell into stomach cell (precancerous) caused by gerd
barretts esophagus
72
triad of abdominal pain, ascites and hepatomegali (occlusion of hepatic vein)
Budd-chiari
73
gluten intolerance. inability to absord due to loss of villi
celiac disease (aka non tropical sprue)
74
inflamation of the gallbladder, #1 cause of gallstones
cholecytitis
75
gallstones
cholelithiasis
76
affects illeum, cecu, and ascending colon. right side prolem. *skip lesion*s or cobblestone appearance. *no bloody diarrhea*. leads to dehydration due to inability to absord water aka distal terminal regional ileitis. regional enteritis
Chrons
77
outpouching in the intestine (LEFT LOWER QUADRANT) sigmoid and descending
diverticula
78
most common cause of death of children world wide due to dehydration from diarrhea
enteritis
79
frank red blood in stool
hemmorrhoids
80
congenital megacolon. absence of myenteric plexus.
hirschprungs
81
telescoping of the intestine onto itself. can be caused by the rotavirus vaccine.
intussusception
82
spastic colon (bouts of diarrhea and constipation). disention, pain and diarrhea. stress related
irratable bowel
83
hematemesis (vominting of blood) d/t alcoholism. laceration of esophagus and proximal stomach
mallory weiss syndrome
84
outpouching ofthe distal illeum
meckels diverticulum
85
iron deficiency anemia, dysphagia, and pre malignant
plummer vinson
86
projectile vominitng in newborm
pyloric stnosis
87
anatomically shortened esophagus
sliding hiatal hernia
88
fat in stool due to gallbladder problem
steatosis
89
aka toxic megacolon. LEFT SIDE ABDOMINAL PAIN. ulcers, bloody diarrhea, lead pipe rigididty
ulcerative colitis
90
twisting of an organ around its long axis
volvusus
91
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis aka lou gherigs disease. anterior horn and corticospinal tracts affected NO SENSORY LOSS ONLY MOTOR. LMN lesion in upper extremity UMN lesion in the lower
ALS
92
neurofibrillary tangles, decrease in acytlchonie. number one cause of dementia
alzheimers
93
type 1: cerebellar tonsils herniate below the foramen magnum. Type 2: meningoiomyelocele in the lumbar spine + type 1. Both type 1 and 2 can lead to hydropcephalus
arnold chiari
94
1: astrocytoma type 1 and 2 2. glioblastoma multiform (worst progrnosis, effects cerebrum) 3. Meullloblastoma (MC seen in cerebellum in children 4. oligondendroglioma (slowest growing) 5. schwannoma/acoustic neruoma/onion bulb tumor (affects CNVII and is mcc of unilateral senssoneural hearing loss)
Brain tumors (MC metastisis from lungs is to the brain)
95
subacute spongiform encephalopathy. degeneration of the brain that leads to personality changes, dementia, and eventually death.
creuzfedt jacob disease
96
aka post infectious polyradiculopathy. MC seen after flu vaccine. causes: peripheral demylenization, areflexia, and ascending paralysis. fatal when it hits diaphragm.
Guillian Barre
97
interuption of the vervical sympathetics (symptoms = ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis, enopthalmosis.
horners syndrome
98
aka hansens disease = liquefactive necrosis. skin damage and destruction of sensory nerves.
leprosy
99
inflamation of the brain and spinal cord. presents with stiff neck, headache, and photophobia
meningitis
100
central demylenization and plaquing of the spinal cord or brain. charcots triad SIN: scanning speech, intention tremor, and nystagmus. effects distal muscles, corticospinal tracts and causes visual weakness.
multiple sclerosis
101
form antibodies that block the Ach receptors at the myoneural junction. enlarges the thymus. causes progressive weakness and fatigue. first starts in the ocular muscles and gets worse at the end of the day. jaw Is tight and sore. autoimmune in females age 20-40
myasthania gravis
102
aka con recklinghausens disease. cafe au lair spots " coast of california" appearence
neurofribromatosis
103
decrease dopamine from basal ganglia. lewy inclusion bodies. masked faces, stooped posture, resting tremor, cogwheen rigitidy and festinating/shullfing propulsive gait
parkisons
104
posterolateral sclerosis aka "combined systems disease" dorsal columns and corticospinal tract affected. from long term pernicious anemia or B12 deficiency
PLS
105
affect the anterior horn, produces LMNL. effects the brainstem, cranial nerves, and possibly breathing apparatus
poliomyelitis
106
cyst like formation from the central canal of the spinal cord. loss of pain and temperature bilaterally in a cape like or shawl like distribution
syingomyelia
107
alcoholic psychosis with dementia due to b1 deficiency from alcoholism
Wenicke-Koraskoff
108
absence of oxygen
anoxia
109
deficiency of oxygen
hypoxia
110
pathogens or toxins in the blood
septicemia/bacteremia
111
movment of wbcs along the concentration gradient
chemotaxis
112
neutrophl and monocytes squeeze through the wall of blood vessels towaard site of damaged tissue or infection
Diapedesis
113
wbcs linig the damaged cessels
pavemting/margination
114
fibrinogen into fibrin via thromboplastin (requires vit k and calcium in cascade
clot
115
platelet deposition
thrombus
116
foreigh bdoy in the blood travels. faltty emboli from facture long bones. emboli in the lungs m/c from veins in the lower extremity
embolus
117
fluid and high protin eg abcess
exudate
118
fluid and low protiein
transudate
119
transforms into plasma cells which then make antibodies (b cells to plasma cells to antibodies)
B-lymphocytes
120
BEN. Basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils
granulocytes
121
lymphocytes and monocytes
agranulocytes
122
kipffer = liver, dust = lung, microglia = cns, dendritic=pns, langerhan=skin
macrophage
123
MEN. monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils
natural killer cells
124
1. t helper cells = CD4 cells = activate be cells. 2. t killer cells =cd8 cells = cytotoxic cells. destroys canaer. kills foreign aens eg transplant recections. 3. t-supressor cells = t regulatory cells. decrease the immune system. slow antibody production
t lymphocytes mature in the thymus
125
White blood cells. (never lete monkeys eat bananas.
WBcs
126
60% wbcs. increase in acute bacterial infections and acute inflamation
neutrophils
127
30% wbcs. increase in viral conditions and chronic inflamtion
lymphocytes
128
5-8# wbcs. chronic conditions. changes into phagocytes at the tissue level
monocytes
129
2-4% increase in parasitic infeciton and allergies
eosinophils.
130
0-.5%. like mast cells. produce heparin and histamin. increases in conditions that cause histamine release.
basophiles
131
what are the 5 stages of inlfamation
1: injury 2: vasoconstriction (sypmpathetic) 3: vasodilation (histamine, and bradykinin) 4: swelling (chemotaxis) 5: healing (mast cells make heparin and seratonin, type 3 collegen)
132
which substances increase inflamation
bradykinin, histamine, leukotrienes, prostoglandins, substance p
133
decreasee B cells. decreased IgG. M/c primary immunodeficiency at birth. x linked
brutons agammaglobulinnemia
134
hypoplasia of thymus = primary T cell deficiency at birth on chromosome 22
DiGeorge
135
newborn without proper b or t cells. problem with bone marrow. in adults, m/c due to aplastic anemia possible from benzene poisisning
sever combined imune deficiency
136
which hemophlia has factor 8 deficiency (von willibrand) which decreae in platelet adhesion
hemophilia A
137
which hemophilia has factor 9 deficiency (christmas factor disease) x chromosome so females only carry
Hemophilia B
138
which hemophilia has factor 11 deficiency. (most mild)
hemophilia C
139
decreased RBC, WBC< and platelets in blood = pjancytopenia. associated with degenteration of bone marrow
aplastic anemia
140
what causes anemia due to decreased production of RBCS
1: iron deficiency 2: pernicious (lack of IF) 3: folic acid in pregnancy 4: B12 deficiency
141
chronic blood loss leads to what kind of anemia
microcytic, hypochromic anemia
142
hemmorhage leads to what kind of anemia
normochromic/ normocytic anemia
143
increased RBCs. primary polycythemia. normal response to high altitudes
polycythemia
144
decreaed platelets in blood
thrombocytopenia
145
localized dilation of an artery 1: Berry aka saccular = circle of willis. subarachnoid hemmorhage 2: dissecting: longitudinal tearing of the aorta 3: abdominal aorta: sudden low back pain, hypovolemic shock, thread pulse , curvilinear calcification, fusiform shape. m/c in smokers
aneurysm
146
depostition of fatty plaque in intima of large and medium size arteries
atherosclerosis
147
AKA thromboangitis obliterans. Lower extremity, younger males with histry of smoking. intermittent claudication = cramping with exertion
Buergers
148
fluid in pericardial space. prevents ventricular filling. emergency room referal
cardiac tamponade
149
narrowing of aorta distal to the left subclavian. produces hypertension in upper extremities and hypotension is lower extremities
coartication of aorta (congenital)
150
blood clot in a deep vein most commonly in lower leg. often will lead to a pulmonary embolism
deep vein thrombophlebitis
151
vasospasm of arteries in hands and feelt. produces triphasic color change: pallor, cynosis, rubor. brough on by vold or emotion. m/c in femaleswith history of smoking
raynauds
152
gian cell arteritis.
affects temporal arteries, opthalmic artery and long standing hypertension
153
Pneumonic "DRIP" dextroroatiation of aorta. Right ventiricular hypertorphy. Interventricular septal defect. pulmonic stenosis
tetralogy of fallot (congentital)
154
mitral valve destroyed by rhematic fecer via strep pyrogenes. aorta destroyed by syphilis
valvular lesions
155
ALL= m/c seen in children
acute lymphoblastic leukemia
156
AML = M/c acute leukemia in adults. worst progrnosis
Acute myeloblastic leukemia
157
CLL = m/c chronic in adults
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
158
CML = young adulthood (philadephia chromosome #22)
chronic myelocytic
159
MC form of DWARFISM
achondroplasia
160
accumulation of homogentsic acid, blue black deposits in cartilage, ears, nose, and cheeks. urin turns black on standing collection
alkaptonuria
161
herediatry progrsessive peronial muscle atrophy (m.c in tibialis anteriror)
charco marie tooth
162
trisomy 21.
Downs
163
boys age 3-7. pseudohypertorphy of calves. muscle is replaced by fat. proximal muscle affected. waddling gati. reccesive x linked
duchenes muscular dystrophy
164
trisomy 18 retardation
edwards
165
hereditary onset age 30-50. basal ganglion affected. atrophy of caudate. on chromosome 4. decrease in GABA. produces dememtia and death
Huntingthons chorea
166
Arachondactly (spider like fingers) subluxation of the lens of the eye. dissecting aortic aneurysms, tall stature. can lead to mitral valve prolapse
Marfans
167
defect in type 1 collagen. blue sclera and brittle bones
osteogenesis inperfecta
168
marble bone deisease. radiaology: bone within a bone. early stage. sandiwh vertebra = late stage. parience die by 20-30 from hepatosplenomegaly and anemia
osteopetrosis
169
cant convert phenyalanine to tyrosine due to phenyalanin hydroxylase. retardatin cn be controlled by diet if caught early
phenylketonuria
170
lack enzyme (gluconse 6 phosphatase) in liver. XS glycogen stored in liver cant break down
VOn gierkes.
171
XS glucocerebrosides in the brain, liver and spleen
Gauchers (lipodystrophie)
172
XS galactocerbrosides in white matter
Krabbes (genetic lipodystrophy)
173
increased sphingomyelin, cherry red spot
Niemann picks (genetic lipodystrophy)
174
increased gangliosides in the brain. Cherry red spots in the macula. infant death. Mc in ashkenasi Jews
Tay Sachs (genetic lipodystrophy)
175
m/c form of mild mental retardation cuad by fragile site at "XQ27
fragile x (genetic sex linked)
176
47XXY Karyotype, tall male, low IQ, testicular atrophy, gynecomastia, sterile
Kleinfelters (genetic sex linked)
177
45XYKaryotype, female, SHort, Webbed neeck, amenorrhea, lacks female secondary characteristics
turners (genetic sex linked)
178
tumor of glandular tissue
adenoma
179
radiolucency due to los of calciuym fro the hyper parathyroidism
Browns tumor
180
starry sky appearence, jaw mass, central african child, epstein barr cirus
burketts lymphoma
181
cancer of the epithelial tissue spead by lymphaticst. detected by 5H1AA
carcinoma
182
most commonly found in US> adenoarcinoma is the mc form of colon cancer
colorectal cancer
183
MC breast dumor. associated with estrogens
fibroadenoma of breast
184
myxomatous tissue. splindles and polyhedral
firboma
185
most common primary liver cancer
hepatocellular liver cancer
186
Pel-epstein fever, reed sternberg cells, hepatosplenomegaly, enlarged lymph nodes, increased IgE
hodgkins lymphoma
187
cancer of stomach that metastisizes to ovaries. signet ring cell tumor
Krukenbergs
188
white patch on oral mucosa from tobaco. cant be whipped off
leukoplakia
189
fatty tumor
lipoma
190
1: adenocarcinoma = m/c with non smokers. best prognosis 2: oat cell and small cell tumor = worst prognosis 3: squamous cell tumor = m/c in smokers. mc primary lung caner
lung canercers m/c lung cancer is from metastisis
191
most common form of cancer in bones
metastisis
192
b/t the metatarsal heasds of 3 and 4
mortons neuroma
193
m/c benign cardiac tumor and m/c cardiac tumor. m/c to affect the L atrium
myxoma
194
worst prognosis. very pooainful
pancreatic cancer
195
tumor of striated muscle or heart muscle
rhabdomyoma
196
cancer of connective tissue, usually spread by vascular system
sarcoma
197
m/c in lesser curvature. leather bottle shaped stomach presentation
stomach cancer
198
tumor of all 3 germinal layers
teratoma
198
diaphyseal/metaphyseal location, centrally located, less than 20 yo. associated wit fallen fragment sign. found in long bones
unicarmal bone cyst (UBC) / Simple Bone cyst (SBC)
198
enlarger supraclavicular lymph nodes. mc on left side. due to metastasis from GI tract.
Virchows nodes
198
diaphyseal. metaphyseal location, eccentrically located, <20 yo. Blister bone appearence
anuerysmal Bone cyst (ABC)
199
ephiphyseal/ metaphyseal location. 20-40 yo. Soap bubble appearance. MC in knee. 20% of the time quasi malignant
Giant cell tumor (GCT) Osteoclastoma
200
epiphyseal/ metaphyseal location, <20 yo.
chondroblastoma
201
MC BBT of the Hand. may hapve strippled appearance. multiple enchondromas = oilers disease. with soft tissue calcification and bone deformity it is known as maffaccis syndrome.
enchondroma
202
monostotic form 70% associated "rind sign". can cause deformity (saber shin tibia or sheppards crook in femur). ground glass appearance. WIth learly pubery it is called albrights disease
fibrous dysplasia
203
Benign tumor of blood vessels, most common BBT of the spine
hemangioma
204
Most common BBT of the appendicular skeleton. Either pedunculated or sessile. hereditary multiple exostosis (HME) are multiple oseochondromas
osteochondroma
205
night pain relieved by asprin. radiolucent central nidus with severe reactive sclerosis
osteoid osteoma
206
most common BBT to affect the neural arch (10-30 yo)
Osteoblastoma
207
most common BBT to affect the skull. MC in frontal sinus
Osteoma
208
CHlamydia
Cause Chlamydia trachomatis, white pus, #1 cause of PID
209
Common in pregnancy, can lead to birtyh defects. megaloblastic, macrocytic, n0rmochromi anemia
B9 anemia
210
Common in vegetarians. megoloblastic, macrocytic, normochromic anemia
B12 anemia
211
MC caused by chronic blood loss (menses). Mircrocytic, macrocytic, normochromic anemia
Iron Deficiency anemia
212
Due to lack of Intrinsic facto. sometimes caused by gastritis
Pernicous anemia
213
Normochromic, normocytic anemia
Hemmorhage
214
Due to sicle cell or malaria
Hemolytic breakdown
215
AKA cooleys anemia orMediteranean anemia. inhertied blood disorder that causes the body to have less hemoglobin then normal. (x-ray "hair on head" appearance on skuul"
Thalassemia major
216
Fetal RBC destroyed. immune reaction. Rh-mother, Rh+father and baby
Erythroblastosis fetalis
217
individuals>20YO. daphyseal/metaphyseal; centrally located. Long Boans. Xray (fallen fragment)
Unicameral bone cyst/simple bone cyst
218
>50 YO. MC primary malignacy of bone. Plasma cells infiltrating(amyloid deposits). XR"punched out leisons". Inverted AG ratio. bence jones proteinuria, increased ESR, Russel bodies. Bone scan (cold)
Multiple myeloma aka plasma cell sarcoma
219
MC bone malignancy Lytic and blastic type. Increased alkalin phosphatase.
Metastasis
220
MC form of metastisis in 20-30YO. Pel Epstin fecter (cyclic), hepatosplenomegaly, enlarged Lymph nodes. Biopsy
Hodgkins Disease
221
>50YO. 4 stages. osteoclastic cell. increased alkalin phosphatase. XR coricalthickening, bone expansion, brim sign in pelvis. Shephered crook femur, sabre shin tibia. Bone scan
Pagets / Osteitis deformans.
222
10-30YO, MC malig. of bone in children. XR Periosteal
osteosarcoma
223
10-25YO. Diaphysis. XR multii parelleled onion skin. can mimic osteomyelitis
Ewing sarcoma
224
>40YO. aberran notochorda cell tumor. MC sacrum or clivus of occiput.
Chondroma
225
R.A. in children
stills disease
226
RA +drey eyes + Dry mouth =
Sjorens disease
227
symetrical distribution, bilateral uniform lloss of joint space, Rat bite erosions, pannus formation, localized periarticular osteoporosis, Haygarths nodes, Lanois deformity, boutoniere deformity.
Rhematoid Arthritis
228
Females 30-50YO. XR erosion (acro-osteolysis). CREST syndrom. Calciosis Raynauds phenomenon, espophogeal dysfunction, sclerodacyly, telangiectasis. Labs;+FANA.
Scleroderma/Progressive systemic sclerosis.
229
Autoimmune, 30 YOFEMALE. Butterfly rash on face.. Sensetive to sunlight. Libman Sacks endocarditiis. ANA TEST
Systemic lupus erythematosus
230
Male 20-50. Sliver scaly leisons. XR; Mouse ear. Ray sign, Nomarginal sydesophytes in spine
Psoriatic arthritis
231
Autoimmune. Male 15-35YO. LBP. XR BIlateral SI fusion. SHiny corner sing, Bilateral marginal sydesmophytes. bamboo spine. dagger sign, trolley track sign.
Ankylosing spondylitis aka marie strumpells disease.
232
ANkylosing spondylitis + GI dysfunction
Enteropathic arthritis
233
Males 20-30YO. Chlamydia, Urethritis, conjunctivits, arthritis. XR; Calcaneal spur, nonmarginal syndesmophytes in spine.
reactive arthritis
234
"Overuse arthritits". Stiffness at rest improvement with activity. weightbearing. XR; Unilateral, non uniform loss of joint space, subchondral sclerosis. Osteophytes, Herberdens nodes DIP. Bouchards nodes PIP.
Osteoarthitis/degenerative joint disease.
235
males ?40YO/ Neck stiffness, dysphagia, Diabetes mellitus. XR; Flowing hyperostosis, candle wax dripping, disc space preserved.
Diffuse idopathic Hyperostosis (DISH) aka Forestiers disease
236
Secondary to impaird sensory fucntion in joint seen with diabetes mellitus, tables dorsalis, syphiclis, syringomyelia. 6Ds in weight beating joints; Distension, density, debris, dislocation, disorganization destruction of bone.
Neutogenic arthropay aka charcots joints.
237
Males >40YO. overproduction of uric acid due to increased purines in diet (red wine, red meat, beer cheese). MC MTP big toe. XR Tophi crystals, overhanging edge, juxta articular eroision. joint aspiration
Gout
238
Avascular nectosis of scaphoied
preisers
239
avascular nectosis of navicular
Kohlers
240
Avascular nectrosis of lunate
keinbochs
241
avascular necrosis of calcaneus
severs
242
Avascular necrosis vertebral end plate ephiphysis, young pt back pain, rounding of shoulder, kyphosis. XR; slight loss of ant body high of one or more vertebra, multiple end plate irregularities, disc heigh preverved.
Scheurmanns/juvenile hyperkyphosis
243
Avascular necrosis of femoral epiphysis
Legg Calv perthes
244
colles fracturefracture of distal radisu with posterior displacement of the distal fragment
245
fracture of the distal radius with anterior displacment of the distal fragment
smiths fracture
246
aka tibial apophytis, 10-16YO. Pinpoint pain and swelling of knee
Osgood schlatters
247
