Irene Gold Part 1 Review Book Spinal Anat Section

Question 1

What is derived from endoderm?

Answer 1

-organs
-gut
-respiratory tract

“tubular structures”

Question 2

notochord -> ____________ -> neural groove -> ___________ -> neural crest cells

Answer 2

neural plate, neural tube

Question 3

-lamina failed to close
-tuft of hair over growth site called “fawn’s beard”
-B9/ folic acid/ methyl folate/ tetrahydrofolate would’ve prevented this

Answer 3

spina bifida occulta

Question 4

meninges protrude out=

Answer 4

meningocele

Question 5

spinal cord protrudes out because meninges not developed properly=

Answer 5

myelocele

Question 6

spinal cord and meninges protrude out=

Answer 6

meningomyelocele

Question 7

cerebellar peduncles come below foramen magnum=

Answer 7

arnold chiari syndrome type 1

Question 8

cerebellar peduncles come below foramen magnum and meningomyelocele (usually in lumbar spine)=

Answer 8

arnold chiari syndrome type 2

Question 9

failure of maxillary and palatine bones fuse=

Answer 9

cleft palate

Question 10

What does prosencephalon develop into?

Answer 10

telencephalon and diencephalon

Question 11

What does the diencephalon develop into?

Answer 11

thalamus, subthalamus, epithalamus (pineal gland)

Question 11

What does rhombencephalon develop into?

Answer 11

metencephalon and myelencephalon

Question 12

What does the metencephalon develop into?

Answer 12

pons and cerebellum

Question 13

What does the myelencephalon develop into?

Answer 13

medulla

Question 14

impulse towards cell body=

Answer 14

dendrites

Question 15

impulse away from cell body=

Answer 15

axons

Question 16

What is the resting membrane potential for a muscle cell?

Answer 16

85-90mV

Question 17

What is the resting membrane potential for a neuron?

Answer 17

65-70mV

Question 18

pacinion receptors detect

Answer 18

vibration

Question 19

ruffini receptors detect

Answer 19

joint position

Question 20

meissner receptors/merkels detect

Answer 20

acute touch

Question 21

free nerve endings detect

Answer 21

pain, temp, crude touch

Question 22

What principle is this?
-enough sodium leaks in for any portion of inner membrane to be positive= spontaneous depolarization

Answer 22

all or nothing principle

Question 23

What part of the brain houses the respiratory and cardiac centers, autonomics, and CN 5-12?

Answer 23

medulla and pons

Question 24

What part of the brain reflexes to light and sound, has proximal flexor relay, and CN3/4?

Answer 24

midbrain

Question 25

Which part of the brain is a relay station/integration of sensory info?

Answer 25

thalamus

Question 26

Which part of the thalamus is responsible for sensory info from face?

Answer 26

VPM

Question 27

Which part of the thalamus is responsible for sensory info from arms and legs?

Answer 27

VPL

Question 28

Which part of the thalamus is responsible for sensory info from eyes?

Answer 28

lateral geniculate nucleus

Question 29

Which part of the thalamus is responsible for sensory info from the ears?

Answer 29

medial geniculate nucleus

Question 30

Which part of the brain is responsible for vision?

Answer 30

occipital lobe

Question 31

Which part of the brain is responsible for hearing?

Answer 31

temporal lobe

Question 32

Which part of the brain is responsible for long term memory and smell?

Answer 32

temporal lobe

Question 33

damage to the hippocampus=

Answer 33

anterograde amnesia

Question 34

Which part of the brain is responsible for reading comprehension?

Answer 34

wernicke's area

Question 35

Huntington's disease is a genetic defect to what?

Answer 35

caudate nucleus of basal ganglia

Question 36

Which part of the brain is responsible for hunger, thirst, temp, sex, rage, and fear?

Answer 36

hypothalamus

Question 37

Which part of the brain is responsible for balance, equilibrium, involuntary coordination, and unconscious proprioception?

Answer 37

cerebellum

Question 38

Which cells maintain the BBB?

Answer 38

astrocytes

Question 39

Which cells store glucose in the brain?

Answer 39

astrocytes

Question 40

Which cells line ventricles and maintain CSF?

Answer 40

ependymal cells

Question 41

Which cells myelinate the CNS?

Answer 41

oligodendrocytes

Question 42

Lack of myelin in CNS result in=

Answer 42

MS

Question 43

Which cells myelinate the PNS?

Answer 43

schwann cells

Question 44

Lack of myelin in PNS results in=

Answer 44

gullian barre

Question 45

Which brain waves are active during quiet/ meditation?

Answer 45

alpha

Question 46

Which brain waves disappear during sleep?

Answer 46

alpha

Question 47

Which brain waves are active during intense mental activity?

Answer 47

beta waves

Question 48

Which brain waves are active during REM sleep?

Answer 48

beta waves

Question 49

Which brain waves are active during deep sleep or coma?

Answer 49

delta waves

Question 50

Which brain waves are normal in children but abnormal in adults (stress, suicidal thoughts) and is seen during 2nd/3rd stage of sleep, not REM?

Answer 50

theta waves