IRPCS

Question 1

Rule 5

Answer 1

Every vessel shall at all times maintain a an proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the the risk of collision.

Question 2

Rule 6

Answer 2

Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can take proper and effective action to avoid collisions and be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conations.

The factors that are taken into account for safe speed include:
- Visibility.
- Traffic density including concentrations of fishing vessels or any other type of vessels.
- Vessel manoeuvrability (stopping distance/turning ability in prevailing conditions).
- The presence of background light at night from shore lights or back scatter of her own lights.
- Draught in relation to the available depth of water.
- State of wind, sea, current and proximity of navigational hazards.

Additionally, by vessels with operational radar:
- Characteristics, efficiency and limitations of the radar equipment.
- Any constraints imposed by the radar range scale in use.
- The effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather and objects may not be detected by radar at an adequate range.
- The possibility that small vessels, ice and other floating objects may not be detected by radar at an adequate range.
- The number, location and movement of vessels detected by radar.
- the more exact assessment of the visibility that may be possible when radar is used to determine the range of vessels or other objects in the vicinity.