Ischaemic Heart Disease

Question 1

what is ischaemic heart disease?

Answer 1

lack of blood flow

Question 2

4 steps which lead to ischaemic heart disease?

Answer 2

1. insufficient perfusion through ischaemia
2. hypoxia of heart muscle cells
3. heart muscles rely on anaerobic processes
4. servere lack of ATP leads to ECG changes

Question 3

how to calculate cardiac output?

Answer 3

CO= heart rate x stroke volume

Question 4

what is stroke volume influenced by? (3)

Answer 4

1. preload
2. after load
3. contractility

Question 5

what is preload in regards to stroke volume?

Answer 5

preload is the volume of blood the ventricles fill with

Question 6

what is preload in regards to stroke volume?

Answer 6

after load is the amount of pressure in the vessel the chamber is ejecting into

Question 7

what is contractility in regards to stroke volume?

Answer 7

strength of contraction

Question 8

what is heart rate influenced by? (2)

Answer 8

1. increased adrenaline

2. increased thyroid hormone

Question 9

What happens when heart failure occurs?

Answer 9

insufficient ejection of blood (inadequate perfusion)

Question 10

Why does heart failure occur?

Answer 10

1. due to left ventricle dysfunction
2. hypertension
3. acute myocardial infarction

Question 11

why does left heart failure?

Answer 11

increased preload and after load

Question 12

what is systolic and diastolic?

Answer 12

systolic: insufficient cardiac output to tissues
diastolic: pulmonary congestion

Question 13

right heart failure? (2)

Answer 13

main cause is left heart failure and increased afterload