Ism Wordsssaa,Word Ways

Question 1

What is Idealism?

Answer 1

Belief that reality should align with ideals or perfection

(आदर्शवाद – गोष्टी आदर्श असाव्यात अशी धारणा)

Question 2

Define Positivism

Answer 2

Focus only on observable, scientific facts, not emotions

(तथ्यांवर आधारित विचारसरणी, भावना नव्हे)

Question 3

What does Capitalism refer to?

Answer 3

System where trade and industry are controlled by private owners

(भांडवलशाही – खासगी मालकी हक्क असलेली आर्थिक व्यवस्था)

Question 4

What is Anarchism?

Answer 4

Belief in no rulers or government – total freedom!

(अराजकता – शासन नसलेली व्यवस्था)

Question 5

What does Hegemonic mean?

Answer 5

Dominating others culturally, economically, or politically

(प्रभुत्व गाजवणारा)

Question 6

Define Orthodoxy

Answer 6

Strong belief in traditional, established practices

(परंपरावादी विचारसरणी)

Question 7

What does Prudent mean?

Answer 7

Wise and careful about decisions

(शहाणा, विवेकी)

Question 8

What does Fiscally refer to?

Answer 8

In a financial or money-related way

(आर्थिकदृष्ट्या)

Question 9

What is Liberalism?

Answer 9

Belief in individual freedom, civil rights, and open markets

(स्वातंत्र्यवादी विचारसरणी, व्यक्तिस्वातंत्र्यावर भर)

Question 10

Define Authoritarianism

Answer 10

Strict obedience to authority, little personal freedom

(हुकूमशाही – सत्ताधाऱ्यांचे एकाधिकारवादी राज्य)

Question 11

What does Totalitarianism mean?

Answer 11

Government controls every aspect of life

(पूर्णत: सत्ताधारी राज्य करणारी व्यवस्था)

Question 12

What is Nihilism?

Answer 12

Belief that life has no meaning or purpose

(नास्तिकता, निरर्थकता – सर्व मूल्यांचा निषेध)

Question 13

Define Utilitarianism

Answer 13

Doing what’s best for the most people – maximum happiness

(उपयुक्ततावाद – सर्वात जास्त लोकांचा फायदा)

Question 14

What does Pluralism refer to?

Answer 14

Coexistence of different beliefs and cultures

(बहुवाद – विविधता स्वीकारणारी विचारसरणी)

Question 15

What is Realism?

Answer 15

Focus on practical, real-world facts over ideal ideas

(वास्तववाद – वास्तवावर भर)

Question 16

Define Determinism

Answer 16

Belief that all events are caused by previous conditions

(निर्णयवाद – सर्व गोष्टी ठरलेल्या असतात)

Question 17

What does Empiricism mean?

Answer 17

All knowledge comes from experience and observation

(अनुभवावर आधारित ज्ञान)

Question 18

What is Existentialism?

Answer 18

Belief that individuals create their own meaning in life

(अस्तित्ववाद – स्वतःच्या अस्तित्वाचा शोध)

Question 19

Define Materialism

Answer 19

Belief that physical stuff is more important than ideas

(भौतिकतावाद – वस्तूंना जास्त महत्त्व देणं)

Question 20

What does Communism refer to?

Answer 20

A system where property and wealth are owned collectively

(साम्यवाद – सगळं काही समाजाच्या मालकीचं)

Question 21

What is Socialism?

Answer 21

Focus on equality, government controls key resources

(समाजवाद – सगळ्यांना समान संधी, सरकारी नियंत्रण)

Question 22

Define Nationalism

Answer 22

Extreme pride and loyalty towards one’s nation

(राष्ट्रवाद – आपल्या देशावर अभिमान व निष्ठा)

Question 23

What does Collectivism mean?

Answer 23

Group > Individual, shared responsibility

(समूहवाद – एकट्याऐवजी समूह महत्त्वाचा)

Question 24

What is Elitism?

Answer 24

Belief that society should be led by the smartest or richest

(श्रेष्ठतावाद – काही निवडक लोकच सर्वोत्तम)

Question 25

Define Populism

Answer 25

Speaking for 'common people' vs elites ## Footnote (जनतेसाठी झुंजणं, लोकाभिमुख विचार)

Question 26

What is Fascism?

Answer 26

Ultra-nationalist, dictatorial rule – no opposition ## Footnote (फॅसिझम – हुकूमशाही + अतिराष्ट्रवाद)

Question 27

Define Libertarianism

Answer 27

Individual freedom above all, minimal government ## Footnote (स्वातंत्र्यप्रेमी विचार – सरकारचं कमीतकमी हस्तक्षेप)

Question 28

What is Monarchism?

Answer 28

Belief in rule by a king or queen ## Footnote (राजेशाही – राजा/राणीचं राज्य समर्थ करणारा विचार)

Question 29

Define Theocracy

Answer 29

Government run by religious leaders ## Footnote (धर्मशाही – धर्मगुरूंच्या हुकुमावर चालणारं राज्य)

Question 30

What does Meritocracy mean?

Answer 30

Rule by the most capable and talented ## Footnote (कर्तृत्वशाही – पात्रतेवर आधारित सत्ता)

Question 31

What is Technocracy?

Answer 31

Rule by experts, especially in science/tech ## Footnote (तंत्रज्ञशाही – तज्ज्ञ लोकांनी सत्ता चालवणं)

Question 32

Define Feudalism

Answer 32

Medieval system of landowners & peasants ## Footnote (भूधारक व शेतकऱ्यांमधली मध्ययुगीन सत्तापद्धत)

Question 33

What does Stoicism mean?

Answer 33

Enduring pain or hardship without showing emotion ## Footnote (संयमवाद – दुखः सहन करणं, शांत रहाणं)

Question 34

What is Globalism?

Answer 34

Belief in worldwide interconnectedness ## Footnote (जगभर एकत्र येण्याचा विचार – जागतिकतावाद)

Question 35

Define Secularism

Answer 35

Separation of religion from politics ## Footnote (धर्मनिरपेक्षता – धर्म आणि शासन वेगळं)