isolating mechanism Flashcards
(16 cards)
what are the two types of isolation
allopatric
sympatric
what is allopatric isolation
forming of two different species from one species due to geographical isolation
what is sympatric isolation
forming of two different species from one species due to reproductive isolation
what is speciation
when a species undergoes changes in its allele frequencies and reproductive isolation to produce a new, different species that cannot interbreed or exchange genetic information.
what is a sub species
when two populations of the same species become different but can still interbreed and exchange genetic information
what is geographical isolation
when two populations of the same species are isolated due to geographical barriers
what is an example of a man made geographical barrier
motorway
what are some geographical barriers
lakes
mountains
rivers
ocean
how does the geographical barriers cause a change in the allele frequencies or gene pools of the populations
due to the different environment they experience different selection pressures and therefore genetic change
individuals with most suitable phenotype to the environment will survive and reproduce.
successful phenotype is inherited by offspring.
what are the reasons for change in allele frequency or gene pool in a species population geographically
selection pressure
mutation
genetic drift
what are the different types of genetic mutation which can be experienced by an organism
temporal
mechanical
gamete incompatibility
what is an example of temporal mutation
different breeding times, courtship behavior
what is a mechanical mutation
mutated reproductive organs- unable to reproduce
prevents gamete fusion
what is gamete incompatibility mutation
hybrid infertility (infertile).
what causes reproductive isolation
MUTATIONS
reproductive organs/ flower structure changes
prevent gamete fusion due to genetic change
hybrid infertility mutation
courtship behaviour
breeding times
