Isolation,inflammation,immunity

Question 1

Latrogenic infection

Answer 1

Infection from diagnostic or therapeutic procedure

Question 2

Exogenous infection

Answer 2

On outside, you ingest something(salmonella)

Question 3

Endogenous infection

Answer 3

Body becomes altered due to overgrowth of bacteria (yeast infection)

Question 4

Nurses responsibility

Answer 4

1. Protect

2. Understand infectious process

Question 5

Symptomatic

Answer 5

Showing symptoms of disease

Question 6

A symptomatic

Answer 6

Has disease but does not show symptoms

Question 7

Chain of infection

Answer 7

Infectious agent 
Reservoir 
Portal of exit
Modes of transmission
Portal of entry 
Host

Question 8

Potential for microorganism to produce disease

Answer 8

1. Number or dose- amount of Microorganism
2. Virulence- the ability to produce disease
3. Ability to enter and survive host
4. Susceptibility or host resistance

Question 9

How is the chain broken

Answer 9

Wash hands
Clean articles
Educate: staff, patients, etc…

Question 10

Proper environment

Answer 10

1. Nourishment- required to allow it to grow
2. Oxygen-aerobic, anaerobic
3. Water
4. Temperature 68-109
5. Ph 5.0-7.0 is the preferable photo microorganisms
6. Light- generally dark areas are where pathogens prefer to grow(under dressings, body cavity)

Question 11

Portal of exit from reservoir

Answer 11

1. Skin and mucous membranes
2. respiratory- sneezing,coughing
3. Urinary- UTI, ostomy
4. Gastrointestinal- bowel elimination
5. Reproductive system
6. Blood

Question 12

Modes of transmission

Answer 12

1. contact:direct, indirect, droplet
2. airborne
3. vehicles
4. Vectors

Question 13

Indirect contact

Answer 13

Ex.touching a used Kleenex

Question 14

Airborne

Answer 14

Particles in are

Question 15

Droplet contact

Answer 15

Contact with conjunctivitis, or nose

Question 16

Vehicles

Answer 16

Contaminated liquids, blood, food, drugs

Question 17

Vectors

Answer 17

External transmission - insect lands on something then something else and bacteria is transferred that way

Internal transmission- mosquito or tick actually penetrating your skin

Question 18

Nursing obligation

Answer 18

1. Control the spread
2. identify signs and symptoms-be able to recognize abnormal signs
3. Report signs and symptoms

Question 19

Localized infection

Answer 19

The area that is infected is contained within a certain area

Question 20

Systemic infection

Answer 20

Affecting the entire body and is often times within the blood

Question 21

Normal body defenses

Answer 21

1. Normal body flora
2. Each organ system has defenses
3. Inflammatory response

Question 22

Localized inflammation

Answer 22

Swelling
Redness
Heat
Pain and tenderness 
Loss of function

Question 23

Systemic infection

Affects the entire body

Answer 23

Elevated temperature 
Elevated pulse
Elevated respirations 
Anorexia 
Skeletal muscle tension 
Elevated white blood cell count

Question 24

Inflammatory exudate

Answer 24

1. Serous-clear like plasma
2. Sanguineous- contains red blood cells
3. Purulent- comes in different colors depending on the bacteria, often contains an odor

Question 25

Vascular response

Answer 25

1. Injured or damaged cells- release chemical substance 2. Adjacent cells are often interrupted 3. Increase capillary permeability- allows fluids,proteins, and fibrinogen sin to tissue 4. Edema- creates a wall not allowing bacteria to escape 5. Pressure on nerve endings- caused from edema, the nerve endings are pushed on causing edema

Question 26

Cellular response

Answer 26

WBC-5,000-10,000 is average(above 10,000 shows signs of infection) Phagocytosis- neutrophils and monocytes designed to ingest and destroy harmful bacteria

Question 27

Tissue repair

Answer 27

Healing of tissue- damaged cells are replaced by Newer cells, after new cells go through maturation they resemble the cells that were previously there

Question 28

Immune response

Answer 28

Antigen- invading organism(the problem) Antibodies- bodies response to seek and destroy antigens

Question 29

Vaccine (development of antibodies)

Answer 29

1. specific antigen- giving small amount of antigen into the body 2. Antibodies- bodies response developes antibodies so that the next time the body sees those antigen it already has antibodies built up for that disease 3. specific 4. Seek and destroy

Question 30

Natural immunity

Answer 30

Has immunity after having a certain disease(typically lasts a lifetime)

Question 31

Artificial immunity

Answer 31

After receiving the vaccination

Question 32

Passive immunity

Answer 32

Immunity obtained without vaccination or having the disease. Ex.breast feeding

Question 33

Stages/course of infection

Answer 33

1. Incubation period 2. Prodromal stage 3. Full stage of illness 4. Convalescence

Question 34

Incubation period

Answer 34

Interval of the entering of the pathogen into the body and the first symptom

Question 35

Prodromal stage

Answer 35

when the individual feels nonspecific signs and symptoms, when individual is capable of spreading the microorganism

Question 36

Full stage of illness

Answer 36

Manifestation of the signs and symptoms of the infection

Question 37

Convalescence

Answer 37

The acute symptoms are gone, not usually contagious, but the individual is not fully recovered

Question 38

Droplet precautions

Answer 38

Particles greater than 5 microns in size - gown and gloves - normal mask

Question 39

Airborne precautions

Answer 39

Very small droplets smaller than 5 microns in size - private rooms - HEPA masks - negative airflow isolation room if possible