Issue And Debates

Question 1

Gende bias

Answer 1

Is a preference towards one gender

Question 2

The two different types of gender bias

Answer 2

Alpha bias
Beta bias

Question 3

Alpha bias

Answer 3

This is when differences between males and females are exaggerated

Question 4

Beta bias

Answer 4

Beta bias is where differences between females and males are ignored or minimised

Question 5

Androcnetrism

Answer 5

Where male is the norm

Question 6

Estrocentrism

Answer 6

Where female are seen as the norm

Question 7

Theories that show gender bias

Answer 7

Frauds studies
Aschs study
Bens study

Question 8

Free will

Answer 8

People are able to choose how to behave

Question 9

Deternism

Answer 9

All of the physical events occur in cause and effect relationships

Question 10

Physiological approaches about bhevaiour

Answer 10

Psychodynamic - Freud said that behaviour is determined by unconscious forces
Biological - bhevaiour is caused by biological factors
Cognitive - behaviour is caused by free will and determinism
Bhevaiourist- behaviour is caused by your enviorment and by punishment and reinforcement
Humanistic - behaviour is free will

Question 11

Reductionism

Answer 11

Is the scientific view that it should be possible to explain complex situations by reducing them to their most simple structures or process

Question 12

Holism

Answer 12

Is the opposite of reductionism and say it more complex than a proces and is caused by a product if different influences

Question 13

Nature (genotype )

Answer 13

Innate characteristics determined by physiological and genetic factors

Question 14

Nurture

Answer 14

The influence of the enviorment and learning experiences

Question 15

Different types of enviorment (nurture)

Answer 15

The mother physical state during pregnancy
Socail condition
Cultural and historical context

Question 16

Diathesis stress model

Answer 16

Psychopathy is caused by a biological/genetic vulnerability which is only expressed when a couples with a biological or environmental trigger

Question 17

Epigenetics

Answer 17

Change in genetic activity without changing our genetic code

Question 18

Nature and nurture interaction

Answer 18

Behaviour is often a result of the interaction of nature and nurture
People’s characteristics can cause particular responses in people like temperament, sex and aggression

Question 19

Nature and nurture studies

Answer 19

Rutter and rutter (1993) aggression hostility -hoe aggressive children think and behave and ways that lead to other children to respond to them in a hostile manner
Maguire et al (2000) taxi driver study -non taxi drivers and taxi drivers where examined with a mri scan

Question 20

Problems with nature and nurture

Answer 20

It is reductionist
It is deterministic
It is difficult to control variables

Question 21

Nomothetic approach

Answer 21

Applies general laws and theories to explain behaviour across a whole population

Question 22

The ideographic approach

Answer 22

Focus on the individual and what makes each person different

Question 23

Strengths and weaknesses of the nomothetic approach

Answer 23

The reasearch marathons used means it’s controlled objective and scinterfic this means it can be recreated however it lacks ecological validation

In just creating general laws individuals differences are ignored

Question 24

Strengths and weaknesses of the ideographic approach

Answer 24

It gives a more complaicted explanation of behaviour

Fewer people are studied so it is harder to generalise

Detailed studies allow for extra information in creating nomothetic laws