Issues of human life and death Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is abortion?
The intentional termination of a pregnancy before the fetus is viable.
Which UK law governs abortion?
The Abortion Act 1967 (amended in 1990), legal up to 24 weeks under certain conditions.
What is the sanctity of life principle?
The belief that all human life is sacred and has intrinsic value, often grounded in religious belief.
How might a Christian support pro-life views?
Life is God-given (“made in the image of God” – Genesis); only God should end life.
What is a utilitarian view on abortion?
It may be justified if it leads to the greatest happiness (e.g., reduces suffering).
What is personhood in abortion ethics?
The debate over when the fetus becomes a person with moral rights.
How does Natural Law view abortion?
It opposes abortion as it violates the primary precept of preserving life.
What is euthanasia?
The act of deliberately ending a person’s life to relieve suffering.
What is the difference between voluntary and non-voluntary euthanasia?
Voluntary: the person consents. Non-voluntary: the person is unable to consent.
What is the difference between active and passive euthanasia?
Active: deliberate action to cause death. Passive: withholding treatment to allow death.
What does Christianity generally teach about euthanasia?
It is generally opposed; life is sacred and only God can take it away.
What is situation ethics’ stance on euthanasia?
It may support it if it is the most loving action (agape love).
What would a Kantian say about euthanasia?
It is wrong; life has inherent dignity and should not be used as a means to an end.
What is cloning?
Creating a genetically identical organism.
What are designer babies?
Babies genetically modified to select or enhance traits.
Why might religious believers oppose cloning?
It interferes with God’s creation and undermines the uniqueness of human life.
What ethical concern arises from designer babies?
It risks commodifying human life and promoting inequality.
How might Utilitarianism view designer babies?
Could be supported if it increases well-being and prevents disease.
How does Natural Law approach cloning?
Opposes it as unnatural and contrary to the telos of reproduction.
What is capital punishment?
The legally authorised killing of someone as punishment for a crime.
What is the Christian argument against capital punishment?
Jesus taught forgiveness (“turn the other cheek”); sanctity of life.
What is the Christian argument for capital punishment?
Some cite Old Testament laws (e.g. “an eye for an eye”); justice for severe crimes.
How does Utilitarianism assess capital punishment?
It may support it if it deters crime and protects society.
What would Kant say about capital punishment?
It is just retribution – the criminal deserves death for murder (categorical imperative).
