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Science CA > IT and computer and chandrayan > Flashcards

IT and computer and chandrayan Flashcards

1
Q

What does quantum coherence refer to?
a) The ability of a classical system to maintain a well-defined state over time
b) The ability of a quantum system to maintain a well-defined quantum state over time without being affected by outside disturbances or interactions
c) The tendency of quantum systems to lose coherence over time due to external forces
d) The resistance of classical systems to external disturbances

Which of the following is NOT a factor causing high error rates in quantum computing?
a) Electromagnetic signals
b) Temperature change
c) Disturbances in the Earth’s magnetic field
d) High precision in calculations

A

B
D

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2
Q

.How does the power of quantum computing scale with the number of qubits?
a) Exponentially
b) Linearly
c) Quadratically
d) Logarithmically

What is quantum supremacy?
a) The theoretical concept of quantum systems surpassing classical systems in performance
b) The experimental demonstration of a quantum computer’s dominance and advantage over classical computers by performing calculations previously impossible at unmatched speeds
c) The ability of classical computers to outperform quantum computers in certain tasks
d) The resistance of quantum systems to outside disturbance

A

A
B

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3
Q

_______________
Declaration to regulate AI.

is India part of it?

A

Bletchley
NO

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4
Q

What does MLP stand for in the context of neural networks?

A

Multi-Layer Perceptron

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5
Q

Which neural network architecture is particularly well-suited for sequential data, such as time series or natural language processing?
a) Feedforward neural networks (FNNs)
b) Multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs)
c) Convolutional neural networks (CNNs)
d) Recurrent neural networks (RNNs)

A

D

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6
Q

Which type of neural network is commonly used for image recognition tasks?
a) Feedforward neural networks (FNNs)
b) Multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs)
c) Convolutional neural networks (CNNs)
d) Recurrent neural networks (RNNs)

A

c

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7
Q

What are other names for neural networks?
a) Artificial intelligence networks (AINs)
b) Simulated neural networks (SNNs)
c) Virtual learning networks (VLNs)
d) All of the above

A

d

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8
Q

How are nodes or artificial neurons organized in a neural network?
a) In random order
b) In a single layer
c) In layers, including an input layer, one or more hidden layers, and an output layer
d) In a linear sequence

What is a neural network?
a) A biological network of neurons in the brain
b) A machine learning program that mimics the decision-making processes of the human brain
c) A network of interconnected computers
d) A type of mathematical equation used for data analysis

A

C
B

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9
Q

Which dimension of AI combines multiple input modalities to solve complex tasks such as text-to-speech?
a) Generative AI
b) Multimodal AI
c) Frontier AI
d) Natural Language AI

A

B

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10
Q

What is a characteristic feature of Frontier AI?
a) It specializes in performing specific tasks within a narrow domain
b) It is capable of performing a wide variety of tasks, surpassing the capabilities of most advanced models
c) It relies solely on pre-defined rules for decision making
d) It requires constant human intervention to function properly

Which of the following statements best describes Frontier AI models?
a) They are limited to basic tasks such as image recognition and speech synthesis
b) They can adapt to new tasks and environments without extensive reprogramming
c) They are incapable of learning from experience or feedback
d) They rely exclusively on traditional algorithms and techniques

What distinguishes Frontier AI from other types of AI?
a) Its reliance on shallow neural networks
b) Its ability to perform tasks requiring human-like intuition and creativity
c) Its focus on specialized tasks within a narrow domain
d) Its inability to handle complex data inputs

A

B
B
C

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11
Q

What is the primary function of Natural Language AI?
a) To generate realistic images and videos
b) To analyze and understand human languages such as English and Spanish
c) To control physical robots in real-world environments
d) To perform complex mathematical calculations

Which technology is commonly used in Natural Language AI systems like OpenAI’s GPT?
a) Artificial neural networks
b) Quantum computing algorithms
c) Traditional rule-based algorithms
d) Genetic algorithms

How does Natural Language AI assist users in tasks like text generation and summarization?
a) By converting text into speech
b) By analyzing and understanding the meaning of text inputs
c) By organizing data into spreadsheets and charts
d) By identifying and correcting spelling and grammar mistakes

A

B
A
B

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12
Q

Which component plays a key role in the functioning of Generative AI models like GPT?
a) Central Processing Units (CPUs)
b) Graphical Processing Units (GPUs)
c) Random Access Memory (RAM)
d) Solid State Drives (SSDs)

A

B

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13
Q

What is the structure of a Transformer, a key component of Generative Pre-Trained Transformers (GPT)?
a) It consists of a single neural network layer
b) It consists of multiple interconnected layers
c) It consists of an Encoder only
d) It consists of a Decoder only

A

B

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14
Q

Which technology combines deep learning, AI, and photoshopping to create images of events?
a) Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)
b) Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)
c) Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs)
d) Support Vector Machines (SVMs)

What are the components of GANs (Generative Adversarial Networks)?
a) Generators and classifiers
b) Discriminators and classifiers
c) Generators and discriminators
d) Encoders and decoders

What role does a variational auto-encoder play in image creation?
a) It evaluates the content for realism.
b) It creates new images from the initial data set.
c) It performs further refinement of generated images.
d) It enables a versatile “face swap” model

A

B
C
D

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15
Q

What distinguishes Web3 from Web1 and Web2?
a) Web3 relies on centralized intermediaries.
b) Web3 provides more control over web communities.
c) Web3 focuses on static access to information.
d) Web3 lacks security measures for data protection.

Which technologies are associated with Web3?
a) Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality
b) Cryptocurrencies and Non-Fungible Tokens
c) Social media platforms like Facebook
d) Static web pages and basic HTML coding

What is a feature of Web4.0, also known as the Symbiotic web?
a) Centralized control over data storage
b) Peer-to-peer transactions without intermediaries
c) Interaction between humans and machines in symbiosis
d) Decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs)

A

B
B
C

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16
Q

A. A DAO, or Decentralized Autonomous Organization, is a digital community that operates without a central authority, using blockchain technology and smart contracts to make decisions and manage resources

B. It is part of Web 3

  1. Only A
  2. Only B
  3. A and B
  4. Neither
A

1

It is part of web 4

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17
Q

The concept of Metaverse will come in WEB ____

A

WEB 3

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18
Q

What role does PoW serve in the Bitcoin network?
a) Regulating the creation of blocks and ensuring network security
b) Delegating control of the network to token owners
c) Facilitating fast and low-cost transactions
d) Enabling smart contract functionality

How does Proof of Stake (PoS) differ from Proof of Work (PoW) in terms of network control?
a) PoS delegates control of the network to the owners of a given token, while PoW relies on centralized authorities
b) PoS requires physical mining equipment, while PoW involves voting based on token ownership
c) PoS consumes more energy than PoW
d) PoS relies on solving complex mathematical puzzles to secure the network

A

A
A

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19
Q

What distinguishes Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) mining from CPU and ASIC mining?
a) FPGAs are general-purpose processors like CPUs
b) FPGAs are highly optimized for mining specific algorithms like ASICs
c) FPGAs require high upfront costs like ASICs
d) FPGAs offer maximum flexibility in mining configurations

A

D

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20
Q

Which hardware devices are designed specifically for mining cryptocurrencies with maximum efficiency?
a) CPUs
b) Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) mining
c) Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) mining
d) Field-Programmable Gate
Array (FPGA) mining

A

C

21
Q

What makes Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) suitable for crypto mining?
a) Their ability to perform single tasks with maximum efficiency
b) Their general-purpose nature found in most computers
c) Their specialized design for rendering graphics
d) Their flexibility and efficiency in performing parallel computations

A

D

22
Q

what are some digital assets that are not crypto assets?

A

non-fungible tokens (NFTs), DeFi (Decentralized Finance) & Central bank digital
currencies (CBDCs)

23
Q

All transactions involving Virtual Digital Assets are brought under the purview of the Prevention
of ______act

A

Money Laundering Act (PMLA), 2002

24
Q

G20 countries adopted the _________Declaration which called for effective regulation of
crypto assets.

A

New Delhi Leaders’

25
Q

AIRAWAT
* Installed at the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) in Pune, Maharashtra
* India’s largest and fastest AI supercomputing system, with a speed of _________ teraflops which is equal to ______ Peta flops, and works on the
operating system ___________.
World’s fastest super computer, Fugaku, has speed of _____petaflops
* Installed under National Program on Artificial Intelligence (NPAI).
o NPAI is an umbrella programme by the MeitY for leveraging transformative technologies to foster
inclusion, innovation, and adoption for social impact in AI.

A

13170
13.170

Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS

442

26
Q

Supercomputer
* A high-performance computing system that delivers exceptional processing power and computational
capacity as compared to general purpose computer.
* Performance is measured in ___________ instead of million instruction
per second (MIPS).
* India’s other three supercomputers are in the Top 500 list: _____________
o India’s first supercomputer was ___________(set up in 1991).
o ___________ was the first supercomputer assembled indigenously in 2019 under National Supercomputing Mission (NSM).

A

floating-point operations per second (FLOPS)

PARAM Siddhi-AI, Pratyush and Mihir.

PARAM 8000

PARAM Shivay

27
Q

3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is standard for _____ network

A

5G

28
Q

Alphabet, under Project ______ is currently deploying their light beam internet technology in India, Africa, etc.
It utilizes Free Space Optical Communication (FSOC)

A

Taara

29
Q

Earlier Alphabet tried to deliver internet through Project ________ utilising stratospheric balloons for internet
connectivity

A

Loon

30
Q

Li-Fi transmits data using light within the:

(a) Infrared Light Spectrum
(b) Visible Light Spectrum 
(c) Ultraviolet Light Spectrum
(d) All of the above
A

B

31
Q

Li-Fi shares similarities with OFC (optical fiber cable) networks, except:

(a) Both use light for data transmission.
(b) Li-Fi uses free space, while OFC uses glass fiber cores. 
(c) Both offer full-duplex (bidirectional) communication.
(d) Both are susceptible to electromagnetic interference.
A

B

32
Q

is backlight required in AMOLED and OLED ?
is it made of organic or inorganic ?
pixel control
which has active mattrix and passive mattrix?

A

NO
organic
AMOLED has active mattrix

33
Q

Active matrix displays are commonly used in modern screens like LCDs (Liquid Crystal Displays) and ________

A

AMOLED

34
Q

BHAROS
* A Made in India mobile operating system developed by ________.
* It is developed under project funded by the Department of Science and Technology (DST).
* It comes with ________( special feature)

A

IIT Madras|
No Default Apps (NDA).

35
Q

What does it mean for a company to be named as a Gatekeeper by the EU under the Digital Markets Act (DMA)?
a) They are entitled to receive special tax benefits
b) They face the highest level of scrutiny and regulation
c) They are granted exclusive rights to operate in the EU market
d) They are exempt from antitrust regulations

name 6 Gatekeepers

A

B

Apple, Amazon, Alphabet, ByteDance, Meta, and Microsoft

36
Q

Amid increasing cyber and malware attacks on defence as well as critical infrastructure, Ministry of
_____ to replace Windows OS with _______OS.
* New OS is based on an open-source platform ___________.
o Unlike proprietary software, everyone has the freedom to edit, modify and reuse open-source code.
* In addition, an end-point detection and protection system, _________, is also being installed in these
systems.

A

Defence
Maya
Ubuntu
Chakravyuh

37
Q

____________: A unique component found only on the Moon, ___________ are formed from the fusion of lunar soil particles by micrometeorite impacts. They are essentially tiny rock-like structures created from the welding together of lunar soil grains.

A

Agglutinates * 2

38
Q

Lander probe
RAMBHA - LP (Langmuir probe)
what did it study?
What did it find?

CHASTE ( c for chandra)
what did it study?
What did it find?

ILSA (L = Lunar , S = Surface )
what did it study?
What did it find?

LASER
what did it study?

A

Plasma , ions and electrons
Radio waves would pass through lunar surface

Thermal properties of lunar surface
ChaSTE payload recorded 70 degrees centigrade temperature.
o It was believed that the temperature could be around 20 to 30 degrees centigrade

Lunar sesmic activity
ILSA payload indicates a possibility of a quake on the moon

Dynamics of moon

39
Q

ROVER PROBE

APXS
(A = Alpha)
what did it study?
What did it find?

LIBS
what did it study?
What did it find?

A

elemental composition of lunar soil
Sulphur was confirmed

Mineral composition of lunar soil
LIBS instrument had detected aluminium, calcium, iron, chromium, titanium, manganese, silicon and oxygen

40
Q

Propulsion module

SHAPE
To study?

A

possibility of exoplanets

41
Q

Chandrayan 3 discovered that lunar soil is __________

A

lumpy ( randomly arranged) rather than dusty

42
Q

Alternate name of Lunar soil is _____

A

Regolith

43
Q

ISRO successfully conducted two demonstration’s -

A
  1. returned the Chandrayaan-3’s Propulsion Module from lunar orbit to Earth’s orbit
    (first instance).
  2. Hop experiment 40 cm
44
Q

discoveries made by chandrayaan 2

A

Detected hydroxyl radical (OH) and the
water molecule (H2O) separately.
* Finding water signatures at all latitudes on
the surface of the moon.
* Observations related to the distribution of
Argon-40 in lunar exosphere.
* Detected minor elements – chromium and
manganese on lunar surface

45
Q

What is a Digital Twin in the context of
technology?
(a) A robotic hologram of a person
(b) A virtual replica of a physical object or
system
(c) A computerized twin brother or sister
(d) A biometric authorized clone designed
to prevent hacking attempts

The concept of the digital twin was first introduced by ___________ of the University of Michigan in 2002

A

B

Dr. Michael Grieves

46
Q

What does a digital signature typically use to ensure the security and authenticity of a message?
A) A combination of public and private keys
B) A single encryption key
C) A hash function without encryption
D) A digital certificate from a trusted authority

A

A

47
Q

BIG DATA
6 v’s

A

Volume, velocity, variability, veracity, value, variety

48
Q

A digital certificate typically includes which of the following information:

The name of the certificate holder (user, organization, or device)
The certificate holder’s public key
The certificate holder’s private key.
The hash Number
The validity period of the certificate
The digital signature of the certificate authority (CA) that issued the certificate
The serial number of the certificate
The IP address or serial number of the device the certificate is associated with

A

The name of the certificate holder (user, organization, or device)
The certificate holder’s public key
The validity period of the certificate
The digital signature of the certificate authority (CA) that issued the certificate
The serial number of the certificate
The IP address or serial number of the device the certificate is associated with

49
Q

CrysXPP is

A

AI to predict properties of new elements

Science CA (5 decks)

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