IT Fundamentals

Question 1

What is the CPU (Central Processing Unit)?

Answer 1

The CPU is the primary component of a computer that performs most of the processing inside, executing instructions from programs, managing operations, and controlling the flow of data.

Question 2

What is RAM (Random Access Memory)?

Answer 2

RAM is temporary memory used by a computer to store data for active programs, enabling quick access and processing.

Question 3

What is an HDD (Hard Disk Drive)?

Answer 3

HDD is a storage device that uses spinning disks to read/write data, offering large capacity at a lower cost.

Question 4

What is an SSD (Solid State Drive)?

Answer 4

SSD is a fast storage device that uses flash memory, providing quicker data access and better durability than HDDs.

Question 5

What is Cloud Storage?

Answer 5

Cloud storage allows data to be stored on remote servers, accessible via the internet, for easy backup and sharing.

Question 6

What are Peripherals?

Answer 6

Peripherals are external devices connected to a computer, such as printers, keyboards, and mice.

Question 7

What is a Web Server?

Answer 7

A web server hosts websites and delivers web pages to browsers through the internet.

Question 8

What is an Application Server?

Answer 8

An application server runs software applications and provides services to client machines or other servers.

Question 9

What is a Database Server?

Answer 9

A database server manages databases, handling data requests and storage for applications or users.

Question 10

What is a LAN (Local Area Network)?

Answer 10

A LAN is a network connecting computers and devices within a limited area, like a building or office.

Question 11

What is a WAN (Wide Area Network)?

Answer 11

A WAN connects multiple LANs over a large geographic area, often using the internet or leased lines.

Question 12

What is a VPN (Virtual Private Network)?

Answer 12

A VPN creates a secure connection over a public network, protecting privacy and data from eavesdropping.

Question 13

What is a Router?

Answer 13

A router directs data traffic between networks, ensuring proper delivery to destinations like devices or websites.

Question 14

What is a Switch?

Answer 14

A switch connects devices within a network and forwards data based on MAC addresses for efficient communication.

Question 15

What is a Firewall?

Answer 15

A firewall monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic to prevent unauthorized access.

Question 16

What are Packets?

Answer 16

Packets are small units of data transmitted over a network, containing part of the information being sent.

Question 17

What is Cloud Computing?

Answer 17

Cloud computing delivers computing services (like storage, processing) over the internet, enabling flexible access and scalability.

Question 18

What is IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)?

Answer 18

IaaS provides virtualized computing resources like servers and storage over the internet on a pay-as-you-go basis.

Question 19

What is PaaS (Platform as a Service)?

Answer 19

PaaS offers a platform for building, testing, and deploying applications without managing underlying infrastructure.

Question 20

What is SaaS (Software as a Service)?

Answer 20

SaaS delivers software applications over the internet, eliminating the need for local installation or maintenance.

Question 21

What is Virtualization?

Answer 21

Virtualization creates virtual versions of physical resources (e.g., servers, storage), enabling more efficient usage.

Question 22

What are Hypervisors?

Answer 22

Hypervisors manage virtual machines, allowing multiple VMs to run on a single physical host system.

Question 23

What are Virtual Machines (VMs)?

Answer 23

VMs are software-based emulations of physical computers, running operating systems and applications like a real machine.

Question 24

What is Network Virtualization?

Answer 24

Network virtualization combines hardware and software resources into a virtual network, improving flexibility and management.

Question 26

What is a **Switch** in networking?

Answer 26

A switch connects devices within a network, forwarding data based on MAC addresses to ensure efficient communication.

Question 27

What is a **Router** in networking?

Answer 27

A router directs data between different networks, ensuring proper delivery of data across networks or the internet.

Question 28

What is the difference between **LANs** and **WANs**?

Answer 28

**LAN** (Local Area Network) connects devices within a small area, while **WAN** (Wide Area Network) connects LANs over a large geographical area.

Question 29

What is the difference between **IPv4** and **IPv6**?

Answer 29

**IPv4** uses 32-bit addresses, offering about 4 billion addresses. **IPv6** uses 128-bit addresses, allowing for a vastly larger address space.

Question 30

What is **Subnetting** in networking?

Answer 30

Subnetting divides a large network into smaller, more manageable sub-networks (subnets) to improve efficiency and security.

Question 31

What is involved in **Assigning IP addresses**?

Answer 31

IP addresses are assigned to devices within a network to uniquely identify them and allow for proper data routing.

Question 32

What are the **7 Network Layers** in the OSI Model?

Answer 32

The layers are: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application. Each layer handles specific tasks for data communication.

Question 33

What is the **Terminal**?

Answer 33

The terminal is a command-line interface used to interact with an operating system through text-based commands.

Question 34

What is the **Windows Command Line Interface (CLI)**?

Answer 34

The CLI allows users to interact with the operating system by typing commands, providing more control over system functions.

Question 35

What can the **CLI** do?

Answer 35

The CLI allows users to run programs, manage files, configure system settings, and troubleshoot, all through text commands.

Question 36

What is the primary use of the **Task Manager** in Windows?

Answer 36

Task Manager monitors system performance, running processes, and allows users to manage applications and troubleshoot issues.

Question 37

What is the primary role of an **Operating System**?

Answer 37

An operating system manages hardware resources, provides an interface for users, and enables application execution.

Question 38

What is the primary role of a **Network Switch**?

Answer 38

A network switch connects devices within a network and directs data packets based on MAC addresses for efficient communication.

Question 39

What is the primary purpose of using the **‘ping’** command in Windows and Linux?

Answer 39

The 'ping' command checks the connectivity between devices on a network by sending ICMP packets and measuring response time.

Question 40

How does **PaaS** differ from **SaaS** in cloud computing?

Answer 40

**PaaS** provides a platform for developing apps, while **SaaS** delivers ready-to-use software applications over the internet.

Question 41

Which component is considered the **‘brain’** of the computer?

Answer 41

The **CPU** (Central Processing Unit) is considered the brain of the computer, handling all processing tasks.

Question 42

**Bash scripting** is primarily used for what purpose?

Answer 42

Bash scripting automates tasks and executes commands in Unix-based systems, improving efficiency and workflow.