IT101-1 Prelims 1st sem Flashcards
1
Q
: the two major componentsof any computer system
A
Hardware and software
2
Q
equipment, or devices
A
Hardware:
3
Q
programs that contain instructions for thecomputer
A
Software:
4
Q
allow data to enter thecomputer
A
Input devices:
5
Q
working on the data
A
Processing:
6
Q
hardware thatperforms the tasks
A
Central Processing Unit (CPU):
7
Q
provide data to the user* Printer, monitor, speakers
A
output devices:
8
Q
: special languagecontaining instructions for the compute
A
Programming language
9
Q
rules governing word usage andpunctuation in the language
A
Syntax:
10
Q
controls the computer’s on/offcircuitry
A
Machine language:
11
Q
software that translatesprogramming languages to machine language
A
Compiler or interpreter:
12
Q
Program must be free of ______________ to be run,or executed, on a compute
A
syntax errors
13
Q
To function properly, the_______ must be correct
A
logic
14
Q
are moredifficult to locate than syntax errors
A
Logic errors, or semantic errors,
15
Q
a pictorial representation of thelogic steps
A
Flowchart:
16
Q
Natural language representationof the logic
A
Pseudocode:
17
Q
entire set of actions organizationmust take to switch over to new program(s)
A
Conversion:
18
Q
Maintaining the Program
A
- Maintenance
- Making changes after the program is put into production
19
Q
Understanding Interactive User Input
A
- Asks the user for a response
20
Q
message displayed on a monitor
A
- Prompt:
21
Q
location to type entries tocommunicate with the operating system
A
Command prompt:
22
Q
allows usersto interact with a program in a graphicalenvironment
A
Graphical User Interface (GUI):
23
Q
Input and output values
A
Input symbol
24
Q
compute or action
A
Processing symbol
25
* Connect the steps
Flowlines:
26
Shows the start and end points of thestatements
Terminal symbol (start/stop symbol):*
27
a sequence of statements thatrepeats forever with no escape
Infinite loop:
28
testing a value
Decision:
29
Does not represent real data
Sentinel value (or dummy value)*
30
Code stored in the file that marks the end of thedata
End-of-file (EOF) marker:*
31
Marks a logic transfer to another location in theflowchart
Flowchart connector symbol:*
32
has an address and a value
Memory location:
33
is used for various operations
Value (contents)
34
Two basic data types
:* Text, Numeric
35
stored by numeric variables
Numeric data
36
stored by string, text, or charactervariables
Text data
37
:* Values that do not change while the program isrunning
Constants
38
Four major computer operations:*
Input
Processing
Output
Storage
39
Six programming phases:
* Understand the problem
* Plan the logic
* Code the program
* Translate the program to machine language
* Test the program
* Deploy the program
40
the equal (=) sign inmost languages
Assignment operator:
41
focuses on actionsperformed on data
Procedural programming:
42
focuses onrepresenting and manipulating objects
Object-oriented programming:
43
* All the text, numbers, and other information thatare processed by a computer
Data items
44
* Statement that provides a data type and anidentifier for a variable
Declaration
45
Variable’s name
Identifier
46
Declare a starting value for any variable
Initializing a variable
47
Variable’s unknown value before initialization
Garbage
48
* Specific numeric value
Numeric constant (or literal numeric constant)
49
String of characters enclosed within quotationmarks
String constant (or literal string constant)*
50
Do not have identifiers like variables do
Unnamed constants
51
* Can hold text* Letters of the alphabe
String variable
52
* Similar to a variable* Can be assigned a value only once* Assign a useful name to a value that will never bechanged during a program’s execution
named constant
53
* Unnamed constant* Purpose is not immediately apparent* Avoid this
Magic number
54
Standard arithmetic operators:
* + (plus sign)—addition
* − (minus sign)—subtraction*
* (asterisk)—multiplication
* / (slash)—division
55
* Repeating input back to a user either in asubsequent prompt or in output
Echoing input
56
selection structure* Provides an action for each of two possibleoutcomes
Dual-alternative (or binary)
57
selection structure* Action is provided for only one outcome
Single-alternative (or unary)
58
Involves thinking in double negatives
“Not equal” operator
59
Using the wrong operator
Common errors
60
* Asks multiple questions before anoutcome is determine
Compound condition*
61
* Requires that both of two testsevaluate to true
AND decision
62
r Ask two or more questions in a single comparison
conditional AND operator
63
Describe the truth of an entire expression based onthe truth of its parts
Truth tables
64
Expression evaluated only as far as necessary todetermine truth
Short-circuit evaluation
65
Take action when one or the other of twoconditions is true
OR decision
66
Ask two or more questions in a single comparison
Conditional OR operator
67
compare a variable to a series of values betweenlimits
Range check
68
n requires that both conditionsbe true to produce a true result
AND decision
69
an AND decision, first ask the question thatis ___________
less likely to be true
70
requires that either of theconditions be true to produce a true result
An OR decision
71
In an OR decision, first ask the question that is
more likely to be true
72
Logically snarled program statements
Spaghetti code
73
Do not follow the rules of structured logic
unstructured programs*
74
Do follow rules of structured logic
Structured programs*
75
unit of programming logic
Structure Basic
76
Perform actions in order* No branching or skipping any task
Sequence
77
Repeat actions based on answer to a question
Loop
78
Perform actions inorder* No branching orskipping any task
Sequence
79
Situation where nothing is done
null case
80
Repeats a set of actions based on the answerto a question
Loop structure
81
Attaching structures end-to-end
stacking
82
Placing one structure within another* Indent the nested structure’s statements
Nesting
83
Group of statements that execute as a single unit
Block
84
Reads the first input data record
Priming read (or priming input)*
85
number of iterations predetermined* Also called counted loop
Definite loop:
86
numeric variable used to count numberof times an event occurs
Counter:
87
variable may be altered by userinpu
Loop control
88
: loop iterates until some conditionis true
Indefinite loop
89
any variable thatdetermines whether the loop will continue
Loop control variable:
90
loops within loops
Nested loops:
91
loop that contains the other loop
Outer loop:
92
loop that is contained
Inner loop:
93
variable that gathers values
Accumulator:
94
make sure data falls in acceptableranges
Validate data:
95
can be only true or false
Boolean expressions
96
are used when we want to execute a block of code repeatedly until some condition becomes true.
Looping statements
97
allows the program to repeat a set of instructions multiple times.
iteration statement
98
executes at least once, while the while loop may not execute if the initial condition is false.
The do...while loop
99
* Holds the action or actions that execute when
the tested condition in the decision is true
if-then clause
100
* Executes only when the tested condition in the
decision is false
else clause
101
Range check
* Compare a variable to a series of values between
limits
Range check
