IT101-1L midterms lesson 8-12

Question 1

allow you to make decisions and execute different code blocks based on certain conditions.

Answer 1

selection structures

Question 2

allows you to execute a block of code only if a specified condition is True.

Answer 2

if statement

Question 3

extends the if statement by providing an alternative code block to be executed when the condition is False

Answer 3

if-else statement

Question 4

t allows you to evaluate multiple conditions in a sequential manner. It is used when you have more than two possible outcomes

Answer 4

if-elif-else statement

Question 5

are used in programming to compare values and determine the relationship between them.

Answer 5

Relational operators

Question 6

is used within loops (such as for or while) to exit the loop immediately.

Answer 6

break statement

Question 7

Checks if two values are equal.

Answer 7

== (equal to):

Question 8

Checks if two values are not equal.

Answer 8

!= (not equal to):

Question 9

> (greater than): Checks if the left operand is greater than the right operand.

Answer 9

> (greater than):

Question 10

Checks if the left operand is less than the right operand.

Answer 10

< (less than):

Question 11

Checks if the left operand is greater than or equal to the right operand.

Answer 11

> = (greater than or equal to):

Question 12

Checks if the left operand is less than or equal to the right operand.

Answer 12

<= (less than or equal to):

Question 13

The and operator returns True if both of its operands are True, and False otherwise.

Answer 13

and:

Question 14

The or operator returns True if at least one of its operands is True, and False otherwise.

Answer 14

or:

Question 15

: The not operator reverses the logical state of its operand. If the operand is True, the not operator returns False, and if the operand is False, it returns True.

Answer 15

not

Question 16

means that the second operand of an and or or operator is not evaluated if the outcome can be determined solely by evaluating the first operand.

Answer 16

Short-circuit evaluation

Question 17

you can control the flow of your program and stop the loop execution based on certain conditions.

Answer 17

break statement,

Question 18

is an expression that evaluates to either True or False.

Answer 18

condition

Question 19

The _________ statement can be extended to include multiple conditions using the _____

Answer 19

if…else, elif

Question 20

By using _________, you can create decision trees with multiple branches, allowing your program to respond differently based on different conditions.

Answer 20

multiple elif clauses

Question 21

refer to the practice of placing one or more if…else statements inside another if or else block.

Answer 21

Nested decisions

Question 22

, are fundamental programming constructs that allow you to repeat a code block multiple times based on specified conditions.

Answer 22

Iterative structures, commonly known as loops

Question 23

evaluates the condition before executing the code block.

Answer 23

The while loop

Question 24

in Python is used to iterate over elements of an iterable

Answer 24

The for loop

Question 25

They allow you to repeat code blocks based on conditions, which helps automate repetitive tasks and control program flow

Answer 25

Loops (Iterative structures)

Question 26

is a fundamental iterative structure in Python programming that allows you to repeat a code block as long as a specified condition is true.

Answer 26

while loop

Question 27

is a powerful iterative structure in Python that allows you to repeat a code block a specific number of times or iterate over elements in a sequence

Answer 27

for loop

Question 28

provide a powerful way to perform repetitive tasks that require multiple iterations.

Answer 28

Nested loops

Question 29

Nested loops are essential in programming as they allow you to work with complex data structures and perform operations on multiple dimensions

Answer 29

Nested loops

Question 30

is used to prematurely terminate the execution of a loop

Answer 30

break statement

Question 31

statement is used to skip the current iteration of a loop and move to the next iteration.

Answer 31

continue

Question 32

is used within loops (such as for or while) to skip the remaining statements within the loop's code block and move to the next iteration

Answer 32

The continue statement

Question 33

is a versatile and fundamental data structure that allows you to store a collection of elements of different types.

Answer 33

list

Question 34

provide a convenient way to organize and manipulate data as a sequence of items.

Answer 34

Lists

Question 35

: Lists allow you to group related data elements of various types into a single entity.

Answer 35

Grouping related data

Question 36

To create a list in Python, you can simply use

Answer 36

square brackets []

Question 37

returns the number of elements present in a list

Answer 37

len() function

Question 38

allows you to add an element to the end of the list. It modifies the original list in place.

Answer 38

append() function

Question 39

adds elements from another list to the end of the current list. It extends the list in place.

Answer 39

extend() function

Question 40

allows you to insert an element at a specific index in the list

Answer 40

insert() function

Question 41

is used to remove the first occurrence of a specified element from the list.

Answer 41

remove() function

Question 42

is used to remove and return the element at a specific index.

Answer 42

pop() function

Question 43

removes all elements from the list, making it an empty list.

Answer 43

clear() function

Question 44

returns the index of the first occurrence of a specified element in the list.

Answer 44

index() function

Question 45

returns the number of occurrences of a specified element in the list.

Answer 45

count() function

Question 46

is used to sort the list in ascending order. It modifies the original list in place.

Answer 46

sort() function

Question 47

reverses the order of elements in the list. It modifies the original list in place.

Answer 47

reverse() function

Question 48

creates a shallow copy of the list.

Answer 48

copy() function

Question 49

The new list that will be created using list comprehension.

Answer 49

new_list:

Question 50

applied to each item in the iterable to create elements of the new list.

Answer 50

expression:

Question 51

The variable representing each element in the iterable.

Answer 51

item:

Question 52

: The source data from which the list will be generated.

Answer 52

iterable

Question 53

A conditional expression that filters elements based on certain criteria

Answer 53

condition: (Optional)

Question 54

with list comprehension to apply a function to each element

Answer 54

Use map()

Question 55

with list comprehension to include only certain elements

Answer 55

Use filter()

Question 56

is an ordered collection of elements enclosed in parentheses ( ).

Answer 56

tuple

Question 57

can be used to create a tuple from an iterable object like a list or a string

Answer 57

tuple() constructor

Question 58

The values are assigned to the tuple using a single assignment statement.

Answer 58

Tuple packing

Question 59

allows you to assign the elements of a tuple to individual variables in a single assignment statemen

Answer 59

Tuple unpacking

Question 60

Tuples can be ______ using the + operator.

Answer 60

concatenated

Question 61

A tuple can be repeated using the * operator.

Answer 61

Repetition

Question 62

You can check if an element exists in a tuple using the in keyword.

Answer 62

Membership test

Question 63

Tuples are _______, meaning their elements cannot be changed after creation.

Answer 63

immutable

Question 64

is an unordered collection of unique elements.

Answer 64

set

Question 65

can be created and initialized using curly braces { } or the set() constructor.

Answer 65

Sets

Question 66

add elements to a set using the

Answer 66

add() method

Question 67

to add multiple elements.

Answer 67

update() method

Question 68

Removes an element from a set

Answer 68

remove()

Question 69

removes element and even if element not there its not an error

Answer 69

discard()

Question 70

Removes and returns an arbitrary element somewhere else

Answer 70

pop()

Question 71

puts all elements together in a set

Answer 71

Union

Question 72

returns teh same elements between 2 sets

Answer 72

intersection

Question 73

Dividing the program into separate parts for better organization and management.

Answer 73

Modularity:

Question 74

: Allowing the same code to be used in different scenarios, reducing redundancy.

Answer 74

Reusability

Question 75

Making the codebase easier to understand and modify.

Answer 75

Maintainability:

Question 76

is defined using the def keyword, followed by the function name, parentheses with any parameters, and a colon.

Answer 76

function

Question 77

Variables specified in the function's definition.

Answer 77

Formal Parameters:

Question 78

Values provided during the function call.

Answer 78

Actual Parameters:

Question 79

statement in Python functions is used to exit a function and optionally pass an expression back to the caller.

Answer 79

return

Question 80

Functions can return data as a result.

Answer 80

Returning Values:

Question 81

: If return is not used, the function returns None.

Answer 81

No Return Value

Question 82

The keyword used to define a function in Python.

Answer 82

def:

Question 83

A unique name for the function, following the Python identifier naming rules.

Answer 83

function_name:

Question 84

: The list of input parameters (if any) that the function expects. If there are no parameters, leave the parentheses empty.

Answer 84

parameter_list

Question 85

The block of code inside the function where the task is performed.

Answer 85

function body:

Question 86

If the function has a return value, it can be specified using the return statement. If there is no return statement, the function returns None by default.

Answer 86

return value:

Question 87

, are the values that are passed to a function when it is called.

Answer 87

Actual parameters, also known as arguments

Question 88

, are placeholders defined in the function declaration or definition

Answer 88

Formal parameters, also referred to as parameters or function parameters

Question 89

all parameters are passed by

Answer 89

object reference

Question 90

is an essential aspect of programming that allows you to interact with files on your computer's file system.

Answer 90

File handling

Question 91

To create a new file, you can use the ________ with the appropriate file mode

Answer 91

open() function

Question 92

read data from a file, you can use the open() function and file methods such as

Answer 92

read(), readline(), or readlines()

Question 93

To update the contents of a file, you can use the open() function and file methods such as

Answer 93

write() or append().

Question 94

function is called with the name of the file to be deleted.

Answer 94

os.remove()

Question 95

What does CRUD MEAN?

Answer 95

Creating, Reading, Updating, and Deleting Files

Question 96

What does csv mean?

Answer 96

Comma-Separated Values