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From Flashcardlet > ITGS Ch. 13 1-69 Terms > Flashcards

ITGS Ch. 13 1-69 Terms Flashcards

0
Q

A small application located on a server; when requested it is downloaded to the client

A

Applet

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1
Q

A list of rules that defines in one single location how to display HTML elements

A

Cascading Style Sheet

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2
Q

On a web server, a directory created by the network administrator who configures the web server

A

cgi-bin

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3
Q

A CGI program file

A

CGI script

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4
Q

Where a dedicated connection is formed between two points (such as two people on telephones) and the connection remains active for the duration of the transmission

A

Circuit Switching

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6
Q

An Internet addressing scheme that allows a single Internet protocol (IP) address to represent several unique IP addresses by adding a network prefix to the last octet

A

Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR)

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7
Q

A model of network communications where a client device such as a computer, tablet, or smartphone uses browsers to request services from networks that make up the Internet

A

Client/Server Model

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8
Q

A program that runs on the client computer and that requires no interaction with a web server

A

Client-Side Program

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9
Q

Computers that host software that enables users to buy goods and services over the web

A

Commerce Server

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10
Q

A method of designing programs that provides a methodology by which a browser can request a program file be executed instead of just being delivered to the browser

A

Common Gateway Interface (CGI)

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11
Q

A set of rules for exchanging electronic information

A

Computer Protocol

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12
Q

A protocol that a host computer can use to send data over the network without establishing a direct connection with any specific recipient computer

A

Connectionless Protocol

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13
Q

A protocol for exchanging information that requires two computers to exchange control packets, thereby setting up the parameters of the data-exchange session, before sending packets that contain data

A

Connection-oriented Protocol

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14
Q

Used by JavaScript to organize objects and page elements

A

Document Object Model (DOM)

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15
Q

A server that maintains a database of domain names and converts domain names to Internet protocol addresses

A

Domain Name System (DNS) Server

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16
Q

The form of an Internet protocol address, where sets of numerals are separated by decimals (i.e. 197.169.73.63.)

A

Dotted Decimal Number (Decimal Quad)

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17
Q

A way of assigning Internet protocol addresses where a computer is assigned a temporary address from an available pool of addresses

A

Dynamic Addressing

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18
Q

A protocol for assigning dynamic Internet protocol addresses

A

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

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19
Q

A combination of technologies - HTML, cascading style sheets, and JavaScript - used to create lively and interactive websites

A

Dynamic HTML (DHTML)

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20
Q

In HTML, a pair of tags and the text between them

A

Element

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21
Q

A server whose sole function is to process and deliver incoming and outgoing e-mail

A

E-mail Server

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22
Q

The process of coding e-mail so that only the person with the key to the code (the intended recipient) can decode the message

A

Encryption

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23
Q

A markup language that enables designers to define their own data-based tags, making it much easier for a website to transfer the key information on its page to another site; defines what data is being described rather than how it’s to be displayed

A

eXtensible Markup Language (XML)

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24
Q

A server that stores and manages filed for network users or that acts as a storehouse for files that users can download

A

File Server

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25
Q

In a connection-oriented protocol, the process of exchanging control packets before exchanging data packets

A

Handshaking

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26
Q

A digit with 16 possible values: 0-9 and A-F

A

Hexadecimal Digit

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27
Q

A programming language that tucks programming code directly within the HTML of a web page; the most popular example is JavaScript

A

HTML Embedded Scripting Language

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28
Q

Tags that surround and define HTML content (i.e. <b> and </b>, which indicate bolding)

A

HTML Tags

29
Q

The protocol that allows files to be transferred from a web server so that you can see them on your computer by using a browser

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

30
Q

The Internet protocol that ensures data is sent securely over the web

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)

31
Q

The main pathway of high-speed communications lines over which all Internet traffic flows

A

Internet Backbone

32
Q

A section of the hard drive that stores information that may be needed again, such as Internet protocol addresses and frequently accessed web pages

A

Internet Cache

33
Q

The organization that registers Internet protocol addresses to ensure they’re unique and haven’t been assigned to other users

A

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

34
Q

A way of connecting Internet service providers (ISP’s) that’s made up of one or more network switches to which the ISP’s connect

A

Internet Exchange Point (IXP)

35
Q

One of the original two protocols developed for the Internet

A

Internet Protocol (IP)

36
Q

The original Internet protocol addressing scheme, created in 1981

A

Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4)

37
Q

An Internet protocol (IP) addressing scheme that makes IP addresses longer, thereby providing more available addresses

A

Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)

38
Q

The means by which all computers connected to the internet identify each other; consists of a unique set of four numbers separated by dots, such as 123.45.178.91

A

Internet Protocol (IP) address

39
Q

A scripting language that’s often used to add interactivity to web pages; often used for creating Dynamic HTML effects

A

JavaScript

40
Q

The two keys used in public-key encription

A

Key Pair

41
Q

Specification for sending files as attachments to e-mail

A

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)

42
Q

In data exchange, the communication sent from one computer or system to another stating that it did not receive a data packet in readable form

A

Negative Acknowledgement (NAK)

43
Q

The slash and number added to the end of an internet protocol (IP) address that allows a single IP address to represent several unique IP addresses in ‘classless interdomain routing’

A

Network Prefix

44
Q

A reference to each of the four numbers in a dotted decimal number internet protocol address, so called because each number would have eight numerals in binary form

A

Octet

45
Q

A system having the characteristic of being public for access by any interested party, as opposed to a ‘proprietary system’

A

Open System

46
Q

A high-speed fiber-optic line

A

Optical Carrier (OC) Line

47
Q

A small segment of data that’s bundled for sending over transmission media; each one contains the address of the computer or peripheral device to which it’s being sent

A

Packet (Data Packet)

48
Q

A communications methodology that makes computer communication efficient; data is broken into smaller chunks called ‘packets’

A

Packet Switching

49
Q

A bank of modems, servers, routers, and switches through which Internet users connect to an Internet service provider

A

Point of Presence (POP)

50
Q

In data exchange, the confirmation sent from one computer or system to another saying that the computer has received a data packet it can read

A

Positive Acknowledgement (ACK)

51
Q

A public-key package for encryption available for download on the Internet

A

Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)

52
Q

The key for decoding retained as private in public-key encryption

A

Private Key

53
Q

A type of encryption where only the two parties involved in sending the message have the code

A

Private-Key Encryption

54
Q

A system having the characteristic of being closed to public access (private), as opposed to an ‘open system’

A

Proprietary System

55
Q

The key for coding distributed to the public in public-key encryption

A

Public Key

56
Q

A type of encryption where two keys, known as a ‘key pair’, are created; one key is used for coding (public key) and the other for decoding (private key)

A

Public-Key Encryption

57
Q

The domain name system (DNS) server that contains the master listings for an entire top-level domain

A

Root DNS Server

58
Q

A domain that’s directly below a top-level domain

A

Second-Level Domain

59
Q

A network security protocol that provides for the encryption of data transmitted using the Internet; current versions of all major web browsers support this

A

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)

60
Q

A type of program that runs on a web server rather than on a computer

A

Server-Side Program

61
Q

The protocol responsible for sending e-mail along the Internet to its destination; part of the Internet Protocol suite

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

62
Q

A way of assigning internet protocol addresses where the address for a computer never changes and is most likely assigned manually by a network administrator or an Internet service provider

A

Static Addressing

63
Q

A communications line that carries digital data over twisted-pair wires

A

T line

64
Q

The main suite of protocols used for transmitting data over the Internet

A

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/Internet Protocol (IP) [TCP/IP]

65
Q

In Transmission Control Protocol, the process used to establish a connection between two computers before exchanging data

A

Three-Way Handshake

66
Q

One of the original two protocols developed for the Internet

A

Transmissions Control Protocol (TCP)

67
Q

An updated extension of ‘Secure Sockets Layer’

A

Transport Layer Security (TLS)

68
Q

An Internet Protocol that creates data packets across the Internet

A

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

69
Q

A computer running a specialized operating system that enables it to host web pages (and other information) and to provide requested web pages to clients

A

Web Server

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