Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

history > its over 28/5 > Flashcards

its over 28/5 Flashcards

(99 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

post wwii

A

the winning powers meet in San Francisco in 1945 and establish the UN, United Nation, with the aim to maintain the peace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

rights

A

in 1948 the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was signed ⇾ so basic civil rights were granted to everyone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

italy

A

Trieste is divided into two zones (A - B) in 1947 with the Paris Treaty of Peace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

zone a e b

A

A: under the control of USA and UK and B: under the control of Jugoslavia
○ the communist dictator Tito confiscated every possession of the Italians in
Istria and Dalmazia, so they were forced to move back in Italy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

foibe

A

persecution of the Italians in specific fascists, civilians and also communists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

germany

A

it is divided amongst the winning countries (France, UK, USA and
USSR) ⇾ the western part belongs to France, UK and USA instead the eastern part belongs to Russia, also Berlin is divided in two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

trials

A

there are two trials ⇾ the Nuremberg trial in 1945-6 and the Tokyo trial in 1946-8 ⇾ the nazis and the Japanese had to pay for their actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

uk

A

Churchill resigns and the Labour Party is in charge,
Clement Attlee is head of the government and he wanted a national healthcare system, banks and financial services and industries, and insurance (= Welfare State)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

attlee

A

he has no success because there is not enough money, higher taxes ⇾ people revolt
○ the economy slows down and the Labour Party loses, so Churchill comes back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

france

A

there is the South Government of Vichy
○ but it was not a Republic as the constitution was abolished

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

4 republic

A

there are three parties ⇾ Communist, Socialist and Democratic Christians
and a new constitution was written, so Charles de Gaulle was head of the
government in 1946 and he started the 4th republic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

italian politics

A

they pass from a monarchy to a republic, the parties of CLN form a
new previsionary unity government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

new it gov CLN

A

led by Ferruccio Parri (he wanted to eliminate all the people that had
implications with the fascist party from democracy ⇾ it isn’t possible as it
would imply another purge)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

de Gasp

A

the new government is led by Alcide de Gasperi, DemoCristiani, and Palmiro
Togliatti signs an armistice to stop the researches for fascists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

2/6

A

○ on the 2nd of June 1946 referendum ⇾ republic wins with 54,2%
○ the Padri Costituenti were communists, socialists and demochristians ⇾
there is difficulty to find accordance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

italy and usa

A

De Gaspari goes to the USA and he wants to obtain the support because
they share the idea of democracy, he gained it and when he comes back he
is stronger then the others parties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

constitution

A

○ in 1947 a new government without socialists and communists is formed
○ and on the 22nd of December 1947 the Constitution was approved and was
made valid of the 1st of January 1948

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

de nicola

A

the government is born, and the Presidente della Repubblica is De Nicola
○ the new election in April 1948 was won by the demo cristiani with the 48%,
they were supported by both the USA and the Church

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

fronte popolare

A

○ so the socialists and comunists allied creating Fronte Popolare this is
because, there are terrorist attacks in Europe so Italy is fearing-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

USA

A

from 1948 until 1952 the USA launched the Marshall plan (it’s the name of the Secretary of State)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

marshall plan

A

○ it was a plan through which USA granted some loans some with interests
and some not, to help the countries that needed money to restart their
economy after the war

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

countries marshall

A

the countries that wanted these loans needed to be included in this
recovery plan, when they’re included they have to support democracy and
also the values of the free market
○ ⇾ USA created a sphere of influence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

war?

A

the division represent the will of the two winning powers (USA and Russia) to put their influence on Germany (all of Europe in reality)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

usa ideals

A

the USA were bound to the values of democracy, they wanted to establish democratically valid alliances and governments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
ussr ideals
the USSR was controlled by Stalin, it was a single party system, so Germany has a totalitarianism
26
actual cold war
● the tensions between USA and USSR ⇾ lead to the Cold War ● it’s not a war fought with weapons but with strategies ● 24th of July 1948 ⇾ the Berlin Blockade
27
berlin blockade
the eastern part of Berlin is blocked, so to not make supplies arrive in this part of the city, in order to block USA, the USSR wanted to convince people to pass to their part
28
airlift
so the USA organise an Airlift (ponte aereo) that gives supplies to West Berlin ● this block is removed and things go back to normal ● this action left a kind of tension between USA and the USSR
29
west germ
● so USA, UK and France decided to unite their forces and create a federal republic in 1949 and its called “West Germany” (GFR) ⇾ in Italian it is RFT, with a Constitution and a parliament
30
east germ
in the eastern part of Germany another Republic was created that was called East Germany or GDR (RDT) ⇾ German Democratic Republic
31
govbernment east germ
it’s governed by a single party, Stalin’s ⇾ all the countries under the communists are controlled by an associations called Comintern (Internazionale)
32
NATO
the democratic states sign the North Atlantic Treaty, in 1947, it’s a defensive alliance.
33
nato countries
● in case of attack, they had to defend each other (UK, USA, France, Italy, Canada, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Greece, Turkey and Portugal ... ) ● from this union NATO will be born
34
warsaw pact
● the USSR will answer with the establishing of the Warsaw Pact in 1955 (Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Hungary and Czecoslovakia)
35
berlin wall
in 1961Eastern Germany built the Berlin Wall by rounding the Western Berlin ● the aim of the Berlin Wall is that they didn’t want their citizens to escape in the other part
36
usa fear doctrines?
● the USA feared Communism and during this war they had two philosophical doctrines ○ ⇾ Truman doctrine says that communism is the enemy, all the democracies have to unify in order to eliminate it ○ ⇾ McCarthyism that it’s the persecution of communism(a behaviour)
37
proxi wars
● this led to the proxi-wars (Korean war or Vietnam war) to eliminate communism
38
1st reason colonies
independent movements wanted to impose their power
39
2nd reason colonies
in 1941 ⇾ the Atlantic charter (USA and UK) was based on some values of democracy, the main effect is that every country should have the freedom to decide for themselves and they have limited their power over other countries
40
india
in 1941, during WWII, they have England promise them to make them a Dominion so it had gained some independence
41
gandhi
the leader that asked for independence is Gandhi and in 1947 they gained independence
42
india two aprts
it was divided in two part, India (Hindu) and Pakistan (Muslim), between them there were some religious fights
43
india unify
Gandhi tries to unify this two parts but he didn’t achieve this, he was weak so he was killed in 1948 by Hindu extremists
44
india war
○ this led to the first war of Cashmere, in 1971 the eastern part of Pakistan becomes independent under the name of Bangladesh
45
vietnam
at the end of WWII, they wanted independence from France and they had power over Indochina
46
north vietnam
in 1944 Ho Chi Minh proclaimed a free democratic republic in the northern part of the country
47
viet france
France was defeated in 1954 and the northern part of Vietnam becomes independent
48
viet 4
this led to the creation of 4 states: Cambodia, Laos, North Vietnam (USSR) and South Vietnam (USA) ⇾ this are the premices of the Vietnam war
49
vietcong
the northern part started a war called “Vietcong” in 1964, and the USA send their military forces to the Southern part, from 30.000 men to 500.000
50
viet public opinion
it is not supported as the soldiers are dying for a useless war, they spend too much money
51
end of vietwar
in 1973 the USA signs an armistice with USSR to end then war, and it officially ends in 1975 ○ North Vietnam conquered the Southern part imposing their power
52
south africa
it was a British colony, in 1948 they started the “Apartheid” that was a system of racial segregation that the white minority carried out to the black majority
53
anc
the black majority started to rise, and some movements that supported black rights were born like the African National Congress
54
Sharpeville
one of the leaders is Nelson Mandela but in 1960 the Sharpeville Massacre happens where black people are killed by the white ones
55
south africa end
after this massacre all the movements for freedom are eliminated, and Mandela will remain in prison for 27 years ○ this regime of racial segregation will end in 1991
56
stailn dies
● there are a lot of tensions in the USSR ● in 1953 Stalin dies ⇾ Nikita Khrushchev takes the power and this period is called thaw (“disgelo”)
57
niki azioni
● he reopened the government to dialogues with other countries (internal and external relationships)
58
niki de?
he started a process called the de-stalinisation and he condemned the gulags
59
tension in eu
1. the Berlin wall 2. in 1961 there is the Cuban missile crisis
60
cuban missile crisis
Cuba was ruled by Fidel Castro, and he had imposed a communist government and he had confiscated all American goods, so they put a naval block, so USSR imposed their support and they install the launchpads for nuclear missiles for the USA
61
armistice
those missiles are very near to the USA, so there is high tension ⇾ they’re on the verge of a nuclear war but thanks to diplomatic relationships, in 1963, Kennedy and Khrushchev sign a pact of non aggression, this stated that no nuclear weapons can be used
62
end if armistice
Kennedy will be killed later on that year and Khrushchev is forced to resign in 1964 because he didn’t manage the economics problems
63
breznev
so the following leader of USSR is Breznev and be imposes another totalitarian regime, he didn’t want opposition, but the opposition started to rise because with the other leader there was less of a rigid government
64
czecho movemts
there is the “Prague spring” in which the leader, Dubcek, announces a program of reforms, that were very liberal
65
ussr vs czecho
the USSR sees this reforms as a menace, and so they invade there and reestablished a communist regime ⇾ but there are the firsts signals of instability
66
poland movements
n 1980 a new catholic trade union “Solidarnosc” gained power, an becomes as a menace for the USSR, so they send a general called Jaruzelski that throws a coup d’etat and outlaws Solidarnosc and the oppositions
67
gorbacev
n 1980 a new catholic trade union “Solidarnosc” gained power, an becomes as a menace for the USSR, so they send a general called Jaruzelski that throws a coup d’etat and outlaws Solidarnosc and the oppositions
68
communism first fall
he re allows the establishment of opposition parties as Solidarnosc in Polant and in the elections they gained power, the communist power is put out so the first communist parties will fall
69
countries communism first fall
in Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, Jugoslavia, Albania, Czechoslovakia, and in the Democratic Republic (East Berlin) the communist regime falls
70
fall berlin wall
on the 9th of November 1989 the Berlin Wall falls, people started to move over the city on the 3rd of October 1990 the two Berlins are officially unified
71
golpe
in August 1991 there is a last attempt to take control from the communists, they don’t have any support from the population
72
Eltsine
imposes the liberation of Gorbacev, the communist power is weak
73
commonwealth?
so the states proclaimed their independence, Gorbacev tries to create something similar to the British Commonwealth (control is as strict) so an Union
74
fall ussr
on the 21st of December 1991 in Alma Ata the USSRT officially falls and the eleven republics create an union called “Community of Independent States” (CIS)
75
anni piombo
at the end of the 60s, Italy is governed by a center left (DC and Partito Socialista Italiano ⇾ Aldo Moro and Pietro Nenni)
76
alternate
they alternate each other in governing Italy, but there are some frictions between this two parties because both wanted to prevale over the other
77
rise of terrorism
the communist party started to gain power and at this point the black terrorism started to act against communism
78
black terrorism
the most famous Black Terrorism (NAR) attacks, are the Strage of Bologna in 1980, the attack in Piazza Fontana that happened in 1969, and in 1974 the treno Italibus and also the attack on Piazza della Loggia in Brescia
79
how black operate
they attack with bomb attacks in public places and to kill whoever’s around, their aim is to restore the fascist totalitarism by spreading panic
80
red terrorism
the Red Terrorism started to rise in order to contrast the black one: this terrorism is spread by the Brigate Rosse
81
how red operate
● they act through arson attacks and their attacks are not directed to the population but are aimed to specific people (ex. Aldo Moro) ● they’re against the capitalistic system, they wanted to act as idol to follow
82
berlinguer
Enrico Berlinguer, the Secretary of the Communist Party, understands that terrorism is becoming too dangerous, and he proposes to the DC a pact ⇾ called the historic compromise
83
historic compromise
it’s a sort of agreement between the communist party and the democratic one, the proposal of a new system of reforms (legge sull’aborto)
84
comm = demo?
through this the communist party also states their adhesion to the values of democracy
85
nato vs waraw
● he also declares that they feel safer under NATO that under the Warsaw Pact ⇾ detachment from communist ideals
86
andreotti
this leads to the creation of a government led by Giulio Andreotti in 1976 which is called the National Solidity Government“ and its governed by the DC
87
comm consent
● the communist party abstains from the vote and so they express their consent to the formation of this government ● this support is granted thanks to the astention to the vote of confidence
88
aldo moro
the Brigate Rosse see this compromise as something that disrupt the communist values so they don’t feel represented by the communist party anymore
89
aldo moro public opinion
○ they decided to kidnap Aldo Moro on March 1978 ○ a part of the population wanted to strike a deal with them and others didn’t want to do so
90
aldo moro death
Aldo Moro is killed two months later and he’s found dead in the back of a ○ this event represents the fall of the historic compromise
91
corruption
this are years of corruption (Camorra, Ndrangheta...) ● the Scandalo of the Loggia ⇾ masonic people wanted to restore an authoritarian regime.
92
Craxi
in 1982 there is a new government led by Bettino Craxi, this is the come back of the socialists.
93
ussr fall consquences on it
so the Communist party falls, and its turned into the Democratic Party that takes part in the election of 1992, like the North League (Lega Nord)
94
tangentopoli
● the 1992 is the year of Tangentopoli that is a period when all the corruption that reigned between the economical and political world is discovered
95
chiesa?
it starts with the arrest of Mario Chiesa (who was a socialist), he was the director of the Pio Albergo Trivulzio which was a retirement home in Milan
96
bribes
he accepts bribes (mazzette) from a service company which wanted to win the tender to clean the retirement home
97
mani pulite
⇾ this leads on to the Processo Mani Pulite directed by Antonio di Pietro, but this don’t stop the corruption
98
crisi 1st rep
this leads to a crisis and to the end of the First Republic so to the end of DC and PSI
99
berlusconi
Silvio Berlusconi rises as a new leader for Italy because he proposes a liberal way and he shows himself as a leader for the entrepreneurs that wanted to be represented in politics

history (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions