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IV and DV Flashcards

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1
Q

Hiscox - Factor mobility

A

IV: variation in return (wages and profits) across sectors
DV: factor mobility

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2
Q

Scheve and Slaughter - Voter attitudes

A

IV: wage and education
DV: preference of free trade or not

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3
Q

Rho and Tomz - Economic self interest

A

IV: knowledge about trade interests
DV: preferences in trade

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4
Q

Demand side explanation (increase of PTAs)

A

IV: bottom-up approach with spillover by firms, group interests and citizens for transaction costs, uncertainty, economic gains and economies of scale
DV: increase of PTAs

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5
Q

Supply side explanation (increase of PTAs)

A

IV: top-down approach by government and its policymakers who are motivated by political gains and leadership + issue of the day
DV: increase of PTAs

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6
Q

Baldwin - domino theory

A

IV: Foreign PTA -> affects my trade -> less exports to this country although I have same tariffs! -> don’t want to be discriminated -> mobilization for an own PTA !
DV: increase of PTAs
(linked to the mercantilist trading strategy = fear of exclusion and discrimination)

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7
Q

Baccini and Dür - diffusion of agreement

A

IV: Agreement in trading network (Dyad)
DV: Trade agreement
This theory is the test of the Domino Mechanism by Baldwin

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8
Q

Baccini and Urpelainen - economic reform

A

IV: New leader and Democratization
DV: PTA –> compensation tool and give credibility for the future economic reform
Thus
IV: PTA –> compensation for the domestic loosers
DV: economic reform

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9
Q

Büthe and Milner - political risk

A

IV: PTA (by providing commitment mechanism)
DV: more FDI (foreign direct investment)

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10
Q

Kenyon and Margalit (Investment Climate) = firm-level behavior

A

IV: Signature of PTA
DV: Investment Decisions of firms PTA increases credibility of an developing country

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11
Q

Lipset and Rostow - modernization development strategy

A 
IV: Economic progress
DV: more democracy
Causal mechanism:
- take off
- industrialization
- urbanization
- education
- development and democracy
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12
Q

Przeworski and Limongi - democratic transitions

A

IV: wealth
DV: probability to become democratic/authoritarian
but this theory shows that a higher GDP does not create democracy but it helps sustain it.

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13
Q

Dreher - politics of IMF loans

A

IV: UNSC membership
DV: IMF loans
> UNSC members are more likely to get an IMF loan –> IMF not apolitical

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14
Q

Polanyi - the great transformation

A

IV: confidence or hegemony
DV: stability of a monetary system
CM: democratization > new parties in government + change in beliefs and values > reduced confidences > instability

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15
Q

Hibbs - government ideology

A

IV: labor/social party in government
DV: unemployment rate and flexible XR

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16
Q

Bearce - ideology and XR stability

A

IV: left or right governement
DV: monetary autonomy (flexible or stable?)

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17
Q

Stein and Streb - elections and XR stability

A

IV: elections
DV: change in XR-stability

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18
Q

Bodea - transition countries and credibility

A

IV: XR-stability thanks to fixed XR
DV: improves reputation

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19
Q

Bearce and Hallerberg - autocracies and XR

A

IV: political regime
DV: probability of a fixed XR (autocracies)

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20
Q

Frieden - the real reason of EMU integration

A

IV: exports to the German market in % of GDP
DV: XR depreciation and variation

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21
Q

Mc Namara - convergence of ideas

A

IV: ideas (neoliberal consensus) and inflation convergence
DV: EMU

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22
Q

Susan Strange - globalisation and the supply side argument

A

IV: globalisation
DV: undermines autonomy

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23
Q

Rodrik - globalisation and the demand side argument

Study These Flashcards
A

IV: compensation for social risk
DV: openness

24
Q

Rehm - demand for compensation

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A

IV: skill/social risk (household income, educational degree, unemployment, skill specificity)
DV: probability to prefer redistribution and compensation

25
Sattler/Phillips - financial market constraints
IV: who wins the elections ? DV: reaction in financial market but a study by Mosely found out that there are not big constraints
26
Steinberg - power in the GATT
``` shadow of law = Kennedy Round IV: Norms and rules DV: cooperation shadow of power : Uruguay Round IV: power or BATNA DV: forced agreement ```
27
Goldstein - GATT's effectiveness
IV: involvement in GATT DV: more trade **but the effect is decreasing > PTA's are augmenting**
28
Sattler and Bernauer - dispute initiation
IV: power asymmetry (variation in trade and market size) DV: probability of dispute
29
Keynes - collapse of the Gold standard
IV: failure of internal adjustment (caused by the fixed XR) DV: collapse of the Gold standard CM: fixed XR > failure of internal adjustement > flexible XR > monetary policies to actively promote employment and boost economic growth
30
Mercantilism
IV: wealth DV: state power
31
Thomas Mun - trade balance
IV: positive trade balance DV: state power
32
Jean Baptiste Colbert - trade balance
IV: positive trade balance DV: state power CM = promote exports, regulation on imports, import-subsitution and acquisition of colonies > accumulation of gold and silver = accumulating power
33
Alexander Hamilton - infant industries
IV: strong central governement DV: development CM: individuals' conribution to national welfare, subsidies and import duties, protection of infant industries
34
Friedrich List - development stage
IV: state interests over private interests DV: stage of development CM: 1. agricultural stage: profits from free trade 2. intermediate stage: protection and space for businesses 3. mature stage: profits from free trade
35
Adam Smith - welfare
IV: absolute advantage DV: welfare > how much can a country consume ?
36
David Ricardo - trade
IV: comparative advantage > free market DV: peace
37
David Hume - price specie flow model
balance of payment imbalances do not work on the long term > external adjustment
38
Richard Cobden - international institutions
IV: free trade and institutions DV: peace CM: pacifying effect of international institutions
39
Krasner - power and trade
``` IV: hegemon DV: openness -> effect of openness are different depending on the size and power of the state: - large/small countries = relative gains intermediate countries = mixed effects ```
40
Morrison - liberal ideas
IV: liberal ideas at a critical juncture DV: shift in trade policies CM: Smith and Shelburne > norm entrepreneur and policy maker
41
Manger and Sattler - long-term trade balances
read their paper
42
Susan Strange - mutual neglect
international economy has 3 effect on the international relations: 1. disturbance effect 2. hindrance effect 3. competitive policies
43
Krasner - international stability
IV: presence of a hegemon and size of the state + level of development of the state DV: openness CM: hegemon supports the system as long as it is in its interests > use of coercion
44
Kindleberger - international stability
``` IV: presence of a hegemon DV: openness CM: hegemon provides the public good itself and create a structure of cooperation (=institutions) - market for distress goods - countercyclical lending - stable system of exchange rate - policy coordination - lender of last resort ```
45
Frieden - new hegemon
IV: distribution of domestic interests DV: leading or not leading > US foreign economic policy was protectionnist (1922) because most sectors at that time were domestically oriented and concentrated on FDI
46
Milner - trading interests
IV: multi-national production DV: openness
47
O'Halloran, Bailey - RTAA
IV: interests of export oriented industries and interest groups DV: openness CM: export oriented industries and interests groups mobilize to get tarrifs down
48
Steinberger - power in the GATT
``` shadow of law = Kennedy Round IV: norms and rules DV: cooperation shadow of power = Uruguay Round IV: power or BATNA DV: forced agreement ```
49
Goldstein - GATT
IV: participation in GATT DV: increase in trade
50
Sattler and Bernauer - dispute settlement
IV: power asymmetry (difference in market and trade size) DV: probability of a dispute
51
Simmons - who adjusts ?
``` IV: monetary system (flexible or stable) DV: who will adjusts (working class or asset owners) ```
52
Keynes - Gold standard
IV: failure of internal adjustments DV: collapse of the gold standard CM: failure of internal adjustments > persistent unemployment and strong commercial competition
53
Morrison - Gold standard
IV: political choice by highest authority DV: failure of the Gold standard CM: political choice by Harvey to suspend the gold standard > great benefits: little depression, no hyperinflation and growing economy > keep the new system
54
Walter - security environment
IV: military aid and trade DV: growing trade deficit
55
Gowa - electoral politics
IV: upcoming election > economic voting DV: closure of the gold window
56
Political approach - stability/flexibility of XR
IV: which factors the political majority support DV: stability/flexibility of XR
57
Credibility approach - stability/flexibility of XR
IV: goals by the government (high price stability and full employment) DV: stability/flexibility of XR

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