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IPE > IV and DV > Flashcards

IV and DV Flashcards

1
Q

Hiscox - Factor mobility

A

IV: variation in return (wages and profits) across sectors
DV: factor mobility

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2
Q

Scheve and Slaughter - Voter attitudes

A

IV: wage and education
DV: preference of free trade or not

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3
Q

Rho and Tomz - Economic self interest

A

IV: knowledge about trade interests
DV: preferences in trade

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4
Q

Demand side explanation (increase of PTAs)

A

IV: bottom-up approach with spillover by firms, group interests and citizens for transaction costs, uncertainty, economic gains and economies of scale
DV: increase of PTAs

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5
Q

Supply side explanation (increase of PTAs)

A

IV: top-down approach by government and its policymakers who are motivated by political gains and leadership + issue of the day
DV: increase of PTAs

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6
Q

Baldwin - domino theory

A

IV: Foreign PTA -> affects my trade -> less exports to this country although I have same tariffs! -> don’t want to be discriminated -> mobilization for an own PTA !
DV: increase of PTAs
(linked to the mercantilist trading strategy = fear of exclusion and discrimination)

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7
Q

Baccini and Dür - diffusion of agreement

A

IV: Agreement in trading network (Dyad)
DV: Trade agreement
This theory is the test of the Domino Mechanism by Baldwin

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8
Q

Baccini and Urpelainen - economic reform

A

IV: New leader and Democratization
DV: PTA –> compensation tool and give credibility for the future economic reform
Thus
IV: PTA –> compensation for the domestic loosers
DV: economic reform

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9
Q

Büthe and Milner - political risk

A

IV: PTA (by providing commitment mechanism)
DV: more FDI (foreign direct investment)

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10
Q

Kenyon and Margalit (Investment Climate) = firm-level behavior

A

IV: Signature of PTA
DV: Investment Decisions of firms PTA increases credibility of an developing country

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11
Q

Lipset and Rostow - modernization development strategy

A 
IV: Economic progress
DV: more democracy
Causal mechanism:
- take off
- industrialization
- urbanization
- education
- development and democracy
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12
Q

Przeworski and Limongi - democratic transitions

A

IV: wealth
DV: probability to become democratic/authoritarian
but this theory shows that a higher GDP does not create democracy but it helps sustain it.

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13
Q

Dreher - politics of IMF loans

A

IV: UNSC membership
DV: IMF loans
> UNSC members are more likely to get an IMF loan –> IMF not apolitical

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14
Q

Polanyi - the great transformation

A

IV: confidence or hegemony
DV: stability of a monetary system
CM: democratization > new parties in government + change in beliefs and values > reduced confidences > instability

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15
Q

Hibbs - government ideology

A

IV: labor/social party in government
DV: unemployment rate and flexible XR

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16
Q

Bearce - ideology and XR stability

A

IV: left or right governement
DV: monetary autonomy (flexible or stable?)

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17
Q

Stein and Streb - elections and XR stability

A

IV: elections
DV: change in XR-stability

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18
Q

Bodea - transition countries and credibility

A

IV: XR-stability thanks to fixed XR
DV: improves reputation

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19
Q

Bearce and Hallerberg - autocracies and XR

A

IV: political regime
DV: probability of a fixed XR (autocracies)

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20
Q

Frieden - the real reason of EMU integration

A

IV: exports to the German market in % of GDP
DV: XR depreciation and variation

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21
Q

Mc Namara - convergence of ideas

A

IV: ideas (neoliberal consensus) and inflation convergence
DV: EMU

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22
Q

Susan Strange - globalisation and the supply side argument

A

IV: globalisation
DV: undermines autonomy

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23
Q

Rodrik - globalisation and the demand side argument

A

IV: compensation for social risk
DV: openness

24
Q

Rehm - demand for compensation

A

IV: skill/social risk (household income, educational degree, unemployment, skill specificity)
DV: probability to prefer redistribution and compensation

25
Q

Sattler/Phillips - financial market constraints

A

IV: who wins the elections ?
DV: reaction in financial market
but a study by Mosely found out that there are not big constraints

26
Q

Steinberg - power in the GATT

A 
shadow of law = Kennedy Round
IV: Norms and rules
DV: cooperation
shadow of power : Uruguay Round
IV: power or BATNA
DV: forced agreement
27
Q

Goldstein - GATT’s effectiveness

A

IV: involvement in GATT
DV: more trade
but the effect is decreasing > PTA’s are augmenting

28
Q

Sattler and Bernauer - dispute initiation

A

IV: power asymmetry (variation in trade and market size)
DV: probability of dispute

29
Q

Keynes - collapse of the Gold standard

A

IV: failure of internal adjustment (caused by the fixed XR)
DV: collapse of the Gold standard
CM: fixed XR > failure of internal adjustement > flexible XR > monetary policies to actively promote employment and boost economic growth

30
Q

Mercantilism

A

IV: wealth
DV: state power

31
Q

Thomas Mun - trade balance

A

IV: positive trade balance
DV: state power

32
Q

Jean Baptiste Colbert - trade balance

A

IV: positive trade balance
DV: state power
CM = promote exports, regulation on imports, import-subsitution and acquisition of colonies
> accumulation of gold and silver = accumulating power

33
Q

Alexander Hamilton - infant industries

A

IV: strong central governement
DV: development
CM: individuals’ conribution to national welfare, subsidies and import duties, protection of infant industries

34
Q

Friedrich List - development stage

A

IV: state interests over private interests
DV: stage of development
CM:
1. agricultural stage: profits from free trade
2. intermediate stage: protection and space for businesses
3. mature stage: profits from free trade

35
Q

Adam Smith - welfare

A

IV: absolute advantage
DV: welfare
> how much can a country consume ?

36
Q

David Ricardo - trade

A

IV: comparative advantage > free market
DV: peace

37
Q

David Hume - price specie flow model

A

balance of payment imbalances do not work on the long term > external adjustment

38
Q

Richard Cobden - international institutions

A

IV: free trade and institutions
DV: peace
CM: pacifying effect of international institutions

39
Q

Krasner - power and trade

A 
IV: hegemon
DV: openness
-> effect of openness are different depending on the size and power of the state:
- large/small countries = relative gains
intermediate countries = mixed effects
40
Q

Morrison - liberal ideas

A

IV: liberal ideas at a critical juncture
DV: shift in trade policies
CM: Smith and Shelburne > norm entrepreneur and policy maker

41
Q

Manger and Sattler - long-term trade balances

A

read their paper

42
Q

Susan Strange - mutual neglect

A

international economy has 3 effect on the international relations:

  1. disturbance effect
  2. hindrance effect
  3. competitive policies
43
Q

Krasner - international stability

A

IV: presence of a hegemon and size of the state + level of development of the state
DV: openness
CM: hegemon supports the system as long as it is in its interests > use of coercion

44
Q

Kindleberger - international stability

A 
IV: presence of a hegemon
DV: openness
CM: hegemon provides the public good itself and create a structure of cooperation (=institutions)
- market for distress goods
- countercyclical lending
- stable system of exchange rate
- policy coordination
- lender of last resort
45
Q

Frieden - new hegemon

A

IV: distribution of domestic interests
DV: leading or not leading
> US foreign economic policy was protectionnist (1922) because most sectors at that time were domestically oriented and concentrated on FDI

46
Q

Milner - trading interests

A

IV: multi-national production
DV: openness

47
Q

O’Halloran, Bailey - RTAA

A

IV: interests of export oriented industries and interest groups
DV: openness
CM: export oriented industries and interests groups mobilize to get tarrifs down

48
Q

Steinberger - power in the GATT

A 
shadow of law = Kennedy Round
IV: norms and rules
DV: cooperation
shadow of power = Uruguay Round
IV: power or BATNA
DV: forced agreement
49
Q

Goldstein - GATT

A

IV: participation in GATT
DV: increase in trade

50
Q

Sattler and Bernauer - dispute settlement

A

IV: power asymmetry (difference in market and trade size)
DV: probability of a dispute

51
Q

Simmons - who adjusts ?

A 
IV: monetary system (flexible or stable)
DV: who will adjusts (working class or asset owners)
52
Q

Keynes - Gold standard

A

IV: failure of internal adjustments
DV: collapse of the gold standard
CM: failure of internal adjustments > persistent unemployment and strong commercial competition

53
Q

Morrison - Gold standard

A

IV: political choice by highest authority
DV: failure of the Gold standard
CM: political choice by Harvey to suspend the gold standard > great benefits: little depression, no hyperinflation and growing economy > keep the new system

54
Q

Walter - security environment

A

IV: military aid and trade
DV: growing trade deficit

55
Q

Gowa - electoral politics

A

IV: upcoming election > economic voting
DV: closure of the gold window

56
Q

Political approach - stability/flexibility of XR

A

IV: which factors the political majority support
DV: stability/flexibility of XR

57
Q

Credibility approach - stability/flexibility of XR

A

IV: goals by the government (high price stability and full employment)
DV: stability/flexibility of XR

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