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IPE > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 9 political philosophies from 1600s ? Specify the dates

A
  1. 1620s mercantilism
  2. 1770s liberalism
  3. 1790s economist nationalism
  4. 1870s marxism + neoclassical economics
  5. 1914-20s liberal idealism
  6. 1950s realism + neorealism
  7. 1970s neoliberal institutionnalism
  8. 1985 domestic politics
  9. 1995 rationalism vs constructivism
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2
Q

What are the DV and the IV of realism ?

A

IV = power distribution within the international system
DV = war or not war ?
Consequently there is war, when power is unbalanced.

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3
Q

Which historical event can counter the realist theory ?

A

In the next future we will see that there will be a balance between a hegemon (USA) and his challenger (China). This might be followed by a war.

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4
Q

What are the 4 realist assumptions answering the question “When does war occurs?”

A
  1. anarchy = there is no authority that enforces rules or agreements
  2. zero-sum and relative gains = if there is a winner, there is also a looser
  3. states as unitary actors
  4. self interest
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5
Q

What are the implications that realists see when they answer the question “When does war occurs?”

A
  • The power is a central variable
  • The primacy of the international system
  • The centrality of security
  • Difference btw High and Low politics
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6
Q

What is the critique concerning the realist theory ?

A

Even with the insecurity of the international system we saw more and more cooperation.

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7
Q

Which elements compose the cooperation ?

A
  • détente
  • arms litigation agreements
  • integration within the Western bloc
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8
Q

Which question emerge from the critique of the realist theory ?

A

When does cooperation emerge under anarchy ?

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9
Q

Which author supports the importance of the int’l economy in the int’l relations system ? explain his/her point of view.

A

Susan STRANGE, in 1970s, supports that the development of int’l economy has 3 effects on the IR:

  1. disturbance effect
  2. hindrance effect (–> constraints) = a state cannot independently decide to have an open economy, there are constraints.
  3. competitive policies = tariff and taxes
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10
Q

What are the 2 theoretical perspectives that we will study ?

A
  1. systemic feature

2. domestic politics

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11
Q

What are the 3 systemic features ?

A
  1. hegemony
  2. institutions
  3. legalization
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12
Q

What are the 2 characteristics of a public good ?

A
  1. non rivalry = how much you consume does not affect the consumption of the others
  2. non exclusive
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13
Q

Explain the realist theory of the hegemon

A

DV = openness

IV = state interest (which diverge), distribution of interest ==> presence of a hegemon +sizeof the state

  • small and big states want an open system
  • medium states do not want an open system

Problem = incompatible national interests

solution: hegemon coerces the others to follow

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14
Q

Explain the liberalist theory of the hegemon

A

DV = stability

IV = distribution of power

Problem = free-ride, global common goods, collective actions

solutions: the hegemon provide the public good because it encouragesthe other to follow

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15
Q

Explain the hegemonic stability theory (HTS)

A

HST indicates that the international system is more likely to remain stable when a single nation-state is the dominant world power, or hegemon. Thus, the fall of an existing hegemon or the state of no hegemon diminishes the stability of the international system. When a hegemon exercises leadership, either through diplomacy, coercion, or persuasion, it is actually deploying its “preponderance of power.” This is called hegemony, which refers to a state’s ability to “single-handedly dominate the rules and arrangements …[of] international political and economic relations.”

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16
Q

What is the problem after the decline of the hegemon ?

A

Bargaining (negociations) solutions fail because of:

  • asymmetric information
  • transaction costs
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17
Q

What is the solution of the problem after the decline of the hegemon ?

A

States maintain the regimes established because the maintenance costs < establishement costs.

18
Q

What is the argument of Kindleberger concerning the hegemonic stability theory ?

A

Kindleberger argued that the economic chaos between World War I and World War II that led to the Great Depression was partly attributable to the lack of a world leader with a dominant economy (–> stabilizer).

19
Q

What are the 5 functions of the hegemon according to Kindleberger

A
  1. provide a market for distress good
  2. if shortage of money, this country should give money to the whole economy (→lend money) = countercyclical lending
  3. stable system of exchange rates
  4. policy coordination
  5. lender of last resort
20
Q

Which is the new question rised by Kindleberger ?

A

Why the US did not want to take the lead ?

context: decline of Britain

21
Q

What are the IV and the DV of Kindleberger ?

A 
IV = presence of a hegemon
DV = stability of the system
22
Q

What are the IV and the DV of Krasner ?

A 
IV = presence of a hegemon
DV = openness of the economic system

==> small and big states want an open system (presence of a hegemon) // medium states do not want an open system

23
Q

What are the 3 games theory ?

A
  1. stag hunt = assurance
  2. chicken game = coordination
  3. prisonner’s dilemma = cooperation
24
Q

What are the problem and the solution of the stag hunt ?

A 
P = communication
S = rules
25
Q

What are the problem and the solution of the chicken game ?

A 
P = distribution
S = rules, negociation and compensation
26
Q

What are the problem and the solution of the prisonner’s dilemma ?

A 
P = free- riding
S = rules, monitoring and sanctioning
27
Q

On which elements does cooperation depends ?

A
  • cooperation structure
  • transaction costs
  • appropriate strategy
  • information problems
  • “shadow of the future”
28
Q

What can provide the institution ?

A
  • facilitate issue linkage
  • set standards; forum for negociations
  • institutionalise reciprocity
  • provide monitoring; collect information –> time horizon
  • tie countries together; defection costs
29
Q

How do we divide society ?

A

We divide society in 3 classes:

  1. labour
  2. capital
  3. land
30
Q

How can we determine the national interests ?

A

With the society classes or the sectors orientation.

31
Q

On what depends the aggregation of preferences ?

A
  1. organisational capacity

2. domestic institutions

32
Q

How does the organisational capacity influence the aggregation of the preferences ?

A

Olson’s theory states that : small size and more homogeneousgroups are more likely to be effecting at lobbying

33
Q

How does the domestic institutions influence the aggregation of the preferences ?

A

Through democracy, central bank independence, direct democracy, wage bargaining coordination.

34
Q

Which author explains the US isolationnism in 1920-30s ?

A

Frieden’s argument states that:
DV =US foreign economic policy : leading and not leading
IV = distribution of domestic interests > economic structure of the US (= domestic orientation of sectors)
In the US back then, most sectors were domestic oriented and not international. They did not invest nor export to foreign countries (only a few). Consequently the US did not proceed to a foreign economic policy.

35
Q

According to Frieden which is the effect of the Great depression ?

A

The great depression had a bad effect on theisolationist and internationalist, this power distribution changes into more internationalist.
→rise of internationalists and demise of isolationists

36
Q

Which author explain the american openness in 1970s ?

A

Milner explains that:
DV: american openness
IV: multinational production + global intrafirm trade

37
Q

When was signed the RTAA ? the main effect ?

A

RTAA signed in 1934, we see after the effects: quick decline in US tariff.

38
Q

What are the new rules brought by the RTAA ?

A

The Congress does not negociate anymore, the President does. There is a simple majority (not 2/3 for bilateral agreement). Finally there is more reciprocity and the exporters were mobilized.

39
Q

Who developped the 2-level game ? Explain it

A

Putnam develops a theory that illustrates the “space” that 2 countries have in common.

40
Q

What are the relevant political factors ?

A
  • power
  • international institutions
  • strategies
  • domestic interests
  • organizational capacity
  • domestic institutions

IPE (14 decks)

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