Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NCLEX > IV Fluids > Flashcards

IV Fluids Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Describe isotonic solutions

A

Same osmolality as body fluids
Increase ECF volume
Do not enter cells because no osmotic force exists to shift the fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe hypotonic solutions

A

More dilute solutions and have a lower osmolality than body fluids

Cause movement of water into the cells by osmosis

Administer slowly to prevent cerebral edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe colloids

A

Also called plasma expanders

Pull fluid from the interstitial compartment into the vascular compartment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are names of isotonic fluids

A

Normal saline 0.9%
5% dextrose in water D5W
5% dextrose in 0.225% saline
Lactated ringers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name hypotonic solutions

A
  1. 45% sodium chloride NS
  2. 25% NS
  3. 33% NS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name hypertonic solutions

A 
5% NS 
3% NS 
D10W 
5% dextrose in 0.9% NS 
5% dextrose in 0.45% NS 
5% lactated ringers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name colloid solutions and why are they used

A

Dextran
Albumin

-hypoproteinemia and malnourished states for those who cannot tolerate large volumes of fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who would you give a isotonic solution

A

Hemorrhage
Diarrhea / vomiting

When they are losing fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Who would you give a hypertonic solution

A

Cerebral edema

Severe hyponatremia
usually only used for highly acute patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who would you give a hypotonic solution ?

A

Intracellular dehydration.

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Signs and symptoms of air embolism

A 
Tachycardia 
Chest pain and dyspnea 
Hypotension 
Cyanosis 
Decreased LOC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Signs and symptoms of catheter embolism

A 
Decrease in BP 
Pain along the vein 
Weak and rapid pulse 
Cyanosis of the nail beds 
LOC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Signs and symptoms of circulatory overload

A 
Increased BP 
distended jugular veins 
Rapid breathing 
Dyspnea 
Moist cough and crackles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Signs and symptoms of electrolyte overload

A

Signs depend on the specific electrolyte overload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Signs and symptoms of a hematoma

A

Ecchymosis
Immediate swelling and leakage of blood at the site
Hard and painful lump at the site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Signs and symptoms of an infection.

A

Local - redness swelling drainage at the site

Systemic - chills, fever, malaise, headache, nausea, vomiting, backache, tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Signs and symptoms of infiltration.

A

Edema
Pain
Coolness at the site
May or may not have blood return.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Signs and symptoms of phlebitis

A 
Heat 
Redness 
Tenderness at the site 
Not swollen or hard 
IV infusion sluggish
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Signs and symptoms of tissue damage

A

Skin colour changes
Sloughing of the skin
Discomfort at the site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Who are at risk for circulatory overload?

A

Respiratory clients
Cardiac client
Renal or liver dysfunction
Older and very young persons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hyponatremia - CV SIGNS

A

Normovolemic - rapid pulse rate, normal BP
Hypovolemic - thready weak rapid pulse rate, hypotension flat neck veins; normal or low CVP
hypervolemic - rapid bounding pulse BP normal or elevated; normal or elevated CVP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Hyponatremia - RESP SIGNS

A

Shallow

Ineffective respiratory movement is a late manifestation related to skeletal muscle weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hyponatremia - NEUROMUSCULAR SIGNS

A

Generalized skeletal muscle weakness that is worse in the extremities
Diminished deep tendon reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Hyponatremia - CNS SIGNS

A 
Headache 
Personality changes 
Confusion
Seizures 
Coma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
HYPONATREMIA - GI SIGNS
Increased motility and hyperactive bowel sounds Nausea Abdominal cramping and diarrhea
26
HYPONATREMIA - RENAL SIGNS
Increased urinary output
27
HYPONATREMIA- integumentary signs
Dry mucus membranes
28
Labs findings - HYPONATREMIA
Serum less than 135 | Decreased urine gravity
29
HYPERNATREMIA - cv signs
Heart rate and blood pressure respond to vascular volume status
30
HYPERNATREMIA - RESP SIGNS
Pulmonary edema if hypervolemia is present
31
HYPERNATREMIA- neuromuscular signs
Early; spontaneous muscle twitches, irregular muscle contractions Late ; skeletal muscle weakness; deep tendon reflexes diminished or absent
32
HYPERNATREMIA- CNS SIGNS
Altered cerebral function is the most common Normovolemia or hypovolemia - agitation, confusion, seizures Hypervolemia ; lethargy, stupor , coma
33
HYPERNATREMIA- GI SIGNS
Extreme thirst
34
HYPERNATREMIA- RENAL SIGNS
Decreased urinary output
35
HYPERNATREMIA-- integumentary signs
Dry and flushed skin Dry and sticky tongue and mucus membranes Presence or absence of edema depending on fluid volume changes
36
HYPERNATREMIA - labs
Serum sodium above 145 | Increased urine gravity
37
HYPOKALEMIA - CV
Thready weak irregular pulse Weak peripheral pulses Orthostatic hypotension
38
HYPOKALEMIA- RESP
Shallow ineffective respirations - weakness of the skeletal muscles of RESP Diminished breath sounds
39
HYPOKALEMIA - neuromuscular
``` Anxiety lethargy confusion coma Skeletal muscle weakness leg cramps Loss of tactile discrimination Parastesias Deep tendon hyporeflexia ```
40
HYPOKALEMIA- GI
Decreased motility hypo active to absent sounds Nausea vomiting constipation abdominal distension Paralytic Ileus
41
HYPOKALEMIA LABS
ST depression Shallow flat or inverted t wave Prominent u wave
42
HYPERKALEMIA - CV
Slow weak irregular heart rate | Decreased blood pressure
43
HYPERKALEMIA - RESP
Profound weakness of the skeletal muscles leading to respiratory failure
44
HYPERKALEMIA - neuromuscular
Early; muscle twitches, cramps, parasthesias, tingling and burning followed by numbness in the heads and feet and around the mouth Late ; profound weakness, ascending flaccid paralysis in the arms and legs Lethal level- trunk head and respiratory muscles become affected
45
HYPERKALEMIA - labs
Tall peaked T waves Flat p wave Widened QRS Prolonged PR
46
HYPOCALEMIA - CV
Decreased heart rate Hypotension Diminished peripheral pulses
47
HYOCALCEMIA - RESP
Not directly affected | H/E RESP failure or arrest can result from decreased respiratory movement because of muscle tetany or seizures
48
HYPOCALEMIA- neuromuscular
Irritable skeletal muscles - twitches cramps tetany seizures Painful muscle spasms in the calf or foot during periods of inactivity Parasthesias followed by numbness that may affect the lips nose and ears in addition to the limbs Positive trousseaus and chvosteks signs Hyperactive deep tendon reflex Anxiety irritability
49
HYPOCALEMIA- GI
Increased gastric motility Hyperactive bowel sounds Cramping diarrhea
50
HYPOCALCEMIA - renal
Urinaryoutput depends on the cause
51
HYPOCALEMIA labs
Prolonged ST LEVEL | prolonged QT
52
HYPERCALCEMIA - CV
Increased HR in the early phase ; Bradycardia that can lead to arrest in the late phases Increased BP Bouncing full peripheral pulses
53
HYPERCALCEMIA - RESP
Ineffective respiratory movement as a result of profound skeletal muscle weakness
54
HYPERCALCEMIA - Neuromuscular
Profound muscle weakness Diminished or absent deep tendon reflexes Disorientation lethargy coma
55
Hypercalcemia - renal
Varies on cause | Formation of renal calculi flank pain
56
Hypercalcemia - GI
Decreased motility and hypo active sounds | Anorexia nausea abdominal distension constipation
57
HYPERCALCEMIA - labs
Shortened ST SEGMENT | widened T WAVE
58
Hypomagnesemia - cv
Tachycardia | Hypertension
59
Hypomagnesemia - RESP
Shallow RESP
60
Hypomagnesemia - neuromuscular
Twitches parasthesias Positives trousseaus sign and chvosteks sign Hyperreflexia Tetany seizures
61
Hypomagnesemia- CNS
Irritability | Confusion
62
Hypomagnesemia - labs
Tall t waves | Depressed st segment
63
Hypermagnesemia - cv
Bradycardia dysrhythmias | Hypotension
64
Hypermagesemia - RESP
Insufficiency when the skeletal muscles of respiration are involved
65
Hypermagnesemia - Neuro
Diminished or absent DTR | skeletal muscle weakness
66
Hypermagnesemia - CNS
Drowsiness and lethargy progresses to coma
67
Hypermagnesemia - labs
Prolonged Pr interval | Widened QRS COMPLEXES
68
Antidote for magnesium overdose
Calcium gluconate
69
Describe hypertonic solutions
More concentrated solutions have a higher osmolality than body fluids Cause movement of water from cells into the ECF by osmosis

NCLEX (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions