Ivan Izendoorn

Question 1

What was his aim?

Answer 1

Investigate cross cultural variation in attachement.

Question 2

What was his sample?

Answer 2

32 studies in 18 different countries on 2000 infants

Question 3

What did he use?

Answer 3

A meta analysis using a strange situation

Question 4

Which countries had the most secure attachment and least?

Answer 4

MOST=UK + SWEDEN
LEAST=GERMANY + CHINA

Question 5

Which countries had the most insecure avoidant and least?

Answer 5

MOST= GERMANY + HOLLAND
LEAST=JAPAN + OCCUPIED PALESTINE

Question 6

which countries had the most insecure resistant and least?

Answer 6

MOST= JAPAN + OCCUPIED PALESTINE
LEAST= UK + SWEDEN

Question 7

What was the simple conlusion?

Answer 7

Secure attachment was the most common with China being the least and britain being the most.

Question 8

What were further findings?

Answer 8

-IA most common amongst the west
-IR most common amongst the non west
-150% greater difference withing cultures e.g america 46% attachment in one part and 90% in another

Question 9

What are the evaluations?

Answer 9

-High pop validity
-Culture bias
-Imposed etic

Question 10

Explain the valuation for high population validity.

Answer 10

-meta analysis of 32 studies using the strange situation
-large sample of 2000 infants
-easier to generalise findings to target population
-increasing EV

Question 11

Explain the evaluation of culture bias.

Answer 11

-over half 18/32 studies were carried out in America (individualistic,western culture.
-Only 5 studies were carried out in collectivist culture (non west)
-Difficult to generalise the findings across all cultures

Question 12

Explain the evaluation of imposed etic.

Answer 12

-based on american child rearing practices
-ignores practices from other cultures
-e.g lack of separation anxiety indicates insecure avoidant attachment
-In Germany seen as a positive light
-seen as independence rather than avoidant/ insecure
-may not be appropriate to use the strange situation tool