IVD

Question 1

ivd constitutes % of entire height of spinal column

Answer 1

25%

Question 2

how many ivds in spinal column

Answer 2

24

Question 3

how many ivds in spine

Answer 3

23

Question 4

the ivd is bigger anterior in what areas

Answer 4

cervical and lumbar spines

Question 5

what are the components of the ivd

Answer 5

annulus fibrosus
nucleus pulposus
vertebral (cartilage) end plates

Question 6

the nucleus pulposus is remnant of

Answer 6

notochord

Question 7

annulus fibrosus made up of # concentric fibrocartilagenous rings/lamellae

Answer 7

12-20

Question 8

outermost lamella run () degrees from the horizontal plane THE ODD NUMBER

Answer 8

30 degrees

Question 9

most superficial lamellae attach directly to the vertebral bodies via

Answer 9

epiphyseal rings via sharpey’s fibers

Question 10

what are the pain fibers

Answer 10

periosteum not sharpeys

Question 11

annulus fibrosus is predominately what type of collagen

Answer 11

type 1 collagen (what u see in tendons) 50-60%

Question 12

what is the load bearing structure of the ivd

Answer 12

annulus fibrosus

Question 13

the nucleus pulposus is slightly () in the lumbar spine

Answer 13

posterior

Question 14

the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus is thickest in

Answer 14

cervical and lumbar spines

Question 15

nucleus pulposus contains () collagen

Answer 15

type 2 collagen (seen in articular cartilage) 15-20%

Question 16

the nucleus pulposus contains

Answer 16

proteoglycans and GAGS (glycoaminoglycans) 65%

Question 17

what are GAGS

Answer 17

precurosors for proteoglycans, its hydrophilic

Question 18

nucleus pulposus is % water

Answer 18

70-90%

Question 19

at age () the water content decreases

Answer 19

50

Question 20

what age does the sacrum fuse

Answer 20

25

Question 21

older person jumps and hurts

Answer 21

facet problem

Question 22

young person jumps and hurts

Answer 22

ivd problem

Question 23

how many vertebral end plates are there

Answer 23

2 one superior and one inferior

Question 24

cartilaginous plates cover all but the

Answer 24

peripheral rim of the ivd

Question 25

the vertebral end plates attach to

Answer 25

the disc and the adjacent vertebral bodies

Question 26

the vertebral end plates is important for

Answer 26

nutrition of the IVD

Question 27

the vertebral end plate is very () allowing fluid to enter and exit

Answer 27

porous

Question 28

is there vascular supply to the annulus fib and nuc pulp

Answer 28

no, avascular necrosis

Question 29

how do ivds get blood

Answer 29

from arteries coming into vert bodies, blood gets shoved in IMBIBITION

Question 30

what swell up when you have motion

Answer 30

proteoglycans

Question 31

what decreases with age

Answer 31

imbibition

Question 32

what part of annulus fibrosus gets sensory and vasomotor innervation

Answer 32

peripheral outer one third (so technically the 4 if you have 12)

Question 33

why don't realize have disc problem

Answer 33

cause u cant feel it unitl it gets out to the lat 1/3

Question 34

what nerve innervates the posterior aspect of the annulus fibrosus

Answer 34

recurrent meningeal nerve

Question 35

what nerve innervates the posterolateral annulus fibrosus

Answer 35

ventral primary rami

Question 36

what innervates the anterior and lateral aspects of the annulus fibrosus

Answer 36

branches of gray communicating rami and sympathetic chain

Question 37

whats the nerve supply to the nucleus pulposus

Answer 37

non existent

Question 38

what do you see in xray

Answer 38

schmorl's nodes

Question 39

what xray can tell difference between protrusion and excursion

Answer 39

mri

Question 40

where get ivd pathologies nad why

Answer 40

pll and all not cover posterolateral

Question 41

cuada equine syndrome

Answer 41

pushes through but still contained by annulus fibrosus and starts pushing on cord

Question 42

when nuc pulp push out first have () pain and then tweak to avoid () pain and when it hits nerve get () pain

Answer 42

scleretogenous, myetogenous, dermatogenous

Question 43

protrusions are still

Answer 43

contained

Question 44

lamens terms for hernia

Answer 44

slipped disc

Question 45

when nucleus pulposus breaks through and not contained

Answer 45

extrusion/prolapse

Question 46

what could happen if fragment break off and goes floating

Answer 46

sequestration

Question 47

bulge

Answer 47

circumferential concentric phenomenon, could be creep normal

Question 48

protrusion

Answer 48

nucleus pulposus has broken through some of the annulus fibrosis, but nucleus is still contained, encapsulated

Question 49

extrusion (prolapse)

Answer 49

nucleus pulposus has broken through all the annulas fibrosis. NO LONGER ENCAPSULATED contained

Question 50

sequestration

Answer 50

broken fragment of the nucleus dislodged in the canal

Question 51

palliative

Answer 51

when you are consciously moving into a position to relieve the pain

Question 52

antalgic

Answer 52

not aware that you are not standing properly (lean to left so say antalgic to left)

Question 53

if protrusion is medial to nerve root to and the pain they lean to side of pain

Answer 53

relieves the pain

Question 54

if lean opposite to side of pain and protrusion on medial side it would

Answer 54

increase the pain

Question 55

if have a disc issue at l4 itll affect () nerve

Answer 55

l5

Question 56

if you lean antalgic to the right and hurts on left and pain goes down lateral aspect of leg past knee to digit 4 and 5

Answer 56

l5 dermatome, l5 nerve so l4 disc hurt, so its ont LATERAL SIDE OF NERVE

Question 57

if the protrusion is lateral the patient wil

Answer 57

lean away

Question 58

most problems with disc usually happen in

Answer 58

lumbar

Question 59

what % of annulus fibrosus is proteglycans

Answer 59

20%

Question 60

poisson's ration

Answer 60

when a tensile force is applied to a material that material will respond by deforming in length and compressing in width