IWRBS

Question 1

The Latin word “Religio” refers
to “Something done with over
anxious or scrupulous attention
to detail”

Answer 1

religion

Question 2

to bring together or to tie together

Answer 2

religare

Question 3

to rehearse painstakingly, as in the case of
collective rituals

Answer 3

relegere

Question 4

It was used to designate formal
belief systems and tenets.

Answer 4

religion

Question 5

English anthropologist, founding figure of the
science of social anthropology

Answer 5

EDWARD BURNETT TAYLOR

Question 6

The belief in spiritual beings

Answer 6

EDWARD BURNETT TAYLOR

Question 7

Scottish social anthropologist.
One of the founding figures of
modern anthropology

Answer 7

JAMES GEORGE FRAZER

Question 8

A propitiation or conciliation of
powers superior to man which
are believed to control and
direct the course of nature and
of human life

Answer 8

JAMES GEORGE FRAZER

Question 9

An eminent 20th century
Polish anthropologist

Answer 9

BRONISLAW KASPER MALINOWSKI

Question 10

A body of self-contained acts
being themselves, the fulfilment
of their purpose; an affair of all,
in which everyone takes

Answer 10

BRONISLAW KASPER MALINOWSKI

Question 11

French sociologist; father of
sociology

Answer 11

DAVID EMILE DURKHEIM

Question 12

A unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things

Answer 12

DAVID EMILE DURKHEIM

Question 13

Religion is a human invention that centers
on specific rituals and a set of stories that
outline a basic moral code and belief
system.

Answer 13

The Spiritual’s View

Question 14

-Religion to the outsider, the defining characteristics of religion would be its rituals.
- Every religion asks certain things to its followers.
- It may be praying at certain times of the day or of the week.

Answer 14

The Outsider’s View

Question 15

-Religion is a social force for unity within a group.
-A religion is often referred to as a community of believers.
-Most religions have charitable arms that distribute food and clothing to needy parishioners.

Answer 15

The Sociologist View

Question 16

a philosophical worldview in which all of reality can be reduced to one thing. opposed to dualism and pluralism

Answer 16

monoism

Question 17

is the belief in and worship of many gods

Answer 17

polytheism

Question 18

religions that believe in one god

Answer 18

christianity, judaism, and islam

Question 19

is the denial of or lack of belief in the existence of god

Answer 19

atheism

Question 20

Primitive people in soul or anima found in
people(seen in dreams)and in all nature.
Since spirits could be helpful or harmful to
human being, early people had to pray to
these spirits, offer sacrifices, and appease or
avoid them.

Answer 20

EDWARD BURNETT TYLOR (ANIMISTIC THEORY)

Question 21

He found out that the Melanesians people
believed in mana, a mysterious force that
inhabited all of nature. All early people began
their religion in cognizance of such force; the
destructiveness of the mana can be avoided by establishing taboos.

Answer 21

ROBERT HENRY CORDRINGTON (ANIMISTIC THEORY)

Question 22

Human beings first developed their religion from their observations of the forces of nature.
Early people became aware of the regularity of the seasons, tides and the phases of the moon, and began personalizing them by giving them names, describing their activities with tales that transformed into mythology.
Primitive people identified the forces in nature, personified them, created myths, and developed religions around them.

Answer 22

NATURE-WORSHIP THEORY

Question 23

pantheon of ancient tagalog gods

Answer 23

bathala
amanikable
idiyanale
mayari
hanan
apolaki
dumangan
ikapati
anitun tabu
anagulay
mangkukulam
mapulon
galang kaluluwa
durnakulem
mangangaway
sitan
dian masalanta
ulilang kaluluwa

Question 24

In Australia and Africa basic culture held a common belief in a distant high God That originally there had been one great God above all others, and that he may have been the creator of the world or the father of the many lesser deities
Primitive societies were originally monotheistic, but
because it was difficult to worship just one God, religion
was corrupted to polytheism

Answer 24

WILHELM SCHMIDT (THEORY OF
ORIGINAL MONOTHEISM)

Question 25

Where people attempted to control nature in the hope that nature will cooperate if rituals are done properly.

Answer 25

PRIMITIVE MAGIC

Question 26

Where in people implore nature to cooperate since they have realized that nature cannot be coerced

Answer 26

RELIGION

Question 27

Wherein a rational understanding of nature operative

Answer 27

SCIENCE

Question 28

MAGIC THEORY

Answer 28

JAMES GEORGE FRAZER
LUDWIG ANDREAS VON FEUERBACH

Question 29

Religion were developed by the few as a means to control the masses and suppress revolution as a result of the
continuing struggle between classes.
Rulers and allied priest wished to control all wealth so they had to create a scheme of God, heavens and hell.
Masses were persuaded to accept poverty and be obedient to inherit bliss in another life

Answer 29

KARL HEINRICH MARX (WISH FULFILMENT
THEORY)

Question 30

Religion originated from the guilt that individuals supposedly feel towards hating their father.
All male possess a similar tendency to desire our mothers and hate our fathers.
As a result of this subconscious hatred and ensuing guilt, a great father image was projected in the sky called God

Answer 30

SIGMUND FREUD(WISH FULFILMENT
THEORY)

Question 31

-According to David Barrett, religion was typically
based on revelation from one or more deities–mainly gods and goddesses.
-The dominican priest Ayala F. says, “faith is used by the person who poses the question is quite different
in science and in religious belief.
-All scientific constructs or so-called theories are constructs of the mind.

Answer 31

Faith based-theory

Question 32

-Anthropologists, evolutionary biologists, and other researchers have reached a near consensus that humans of the species homosapiens evolved from a species of
proto-humans who originated somewhere in Africa. proto-humans walked upright, and had an opposing thumb and a little finger.

Internal brain structure represented a major advance over
those of previous animals in terms of its flexibility, its
ability to reason, and its ability to plan for the future.

Answer 32

SECULAR based-theory

Question 33

-speculation that the first religions were a response to human fear.
-created to give people a feeling of security in an insecure world and a feeling of control over the environment where there was little control.

Answer 33

SECULAR based-theory of religion

Question 34

-developing abilities of proto-humans were a
double-edged sword.
-increased mental ability led to a terrifying piece of knowledge: personal mortality.
-knowledge can produce an intolerable emotional drain.
-developed questions about themselves and their environment.

Answer 34

Evolution from proto-human to
full human

Question 35

-the first organized religions appear to have been based on fertility.
-focused on worshipping the great Earth Goddess.
-in monotheist religion, a single male God is
worshipped.

Answer 35

Evolution of religion

Question 36

Groups of theories on the origin of religion

Answer 36

Faith based-theory
SECULAR based-theory
SECULAR based-theory of religion
Evolution from proto-human to
full human
Evolution of religion

Question 37

-“cradle of civilization” and cited as the birthplace of the religion.
-religious beliefs said that the human beings were co-workers with the gods and labored with them and for them to hold back the forces of chaos which had been checked by the supreme deities at the beginning of time.
-humans were created in fact, for this very purpose: to work with and for gods toward a mutually beneficial end.

Answer 37

RELIGION IN ANCIENT
MESOPOTAMIA

Question 38

-religion was similar with Mesopotamian belief, however, in that human beings were co-workers with the gods to maintain order.
-ma’at, the principle of harmony.
-religion was a combination of magic, mythology, science, medicine, psychiatry, spiritualism, herbology and as well as the modern understanding of religion as belief in a higher power and a life after death.

Answer 38

EGYPTIAN RELIGION

Question 39

-remembrance of the dead and the party still plays in the lives of those on earth, was an important component of all ancient religions including the belief system of the Maya.
-as with other cultures there were many different deities (over 250) all of whom had their own special sphere of influence. They controlled the weather and the harvest.
They dictated one’s mate, presided over every birth and were present in one’s death.

Answer 39

RELIGION in Mesoamerica

Question 40

-believed in many gods who often cared for their human charges but just as often, pursued their own pleasure.
-religion was personal, direct, and present in all areas of life
-Greeks consulted gods on matters ranging from affairs of state to personal decisions regarding love, marriage or one’s job.

Answer 40

Greek and roman RELIGION

Question 41

-The Philippines is proudly known to be the only Christian nation in Asia.
-more than 56 percent of the population is Roman Catholic, 6 percent belongs to various nationalized Christian cults, and other 32 percent belong to over 100 Protestant denominations.
-In addition to the Christian majority, there is a vigorous 4 percent Muslim minority concentrated on the Southern Mindanao, Sulu and Palawan.
-The pre-hispanic belief of the Filipinos consisted of a pantheon of gods, spirits, creatures, and men that guarded the streams, fields, trees, mountains, forests, and houses.
-Bathala who created earth and man, was superior to these other gods and spirits.
Wood and metal images are represented ancestral spirits, and no distinction was made between the spirits and their physical symbol.
Reward and punishment after death was dependent upon behavior in this life.

Answer 41

RELIGION in Philippines

Question 42

Religion IN THE ANCIENT and present WORLD

Answer 42

RELIGION IN ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA
EGYPTIAN RELIGION
RELIGION in Mesoamerica
Greek and roman RELIGION