J/W P/S missed Questions

Question 1

What are the effects of heightened acetylcholine ?

Answer 1

Acetylcholine is known for its ability to heighten focus an attention.

Question 2

Describe a secondary group?

Answer 2

Secondary groups are transiet groups of individuals without close knit ties. These are relationships that are not lifelong or enduring.

Question 3

What is a cross sectional study?

Answer 3

A cross-sectional study analyzes data from across a population or a representative subset of that population at a specific point in time.

Question 4

Describe the life-course approach.

Answer 4

The life course approach refers to an approach for analyzing peoples lives over time. In particular, the life course approach emphasizes looking back across an individuals history to understand how they shaped current patterns of health and disease.

Question 5

What is cultural capital?

Answer 5

Cultural capital is the accumulation of experiences and knowledge throughout one’s lifespan which directly benefit’s ones status.

Question 6

Describe a retrospective study.

Answer 6

A retrospective study is a type of longitudinal study which looks at outcomes that have already occurred.

Question 7

Describe cultural relativism.

Answer 7

Cultural relativism refers to the awareness of the wide diversity of beliefs, norms, values, and cultural practices that exists outside of one’s own.

Question 8

What is ethnocentrism?

Answer 8

Inability of an individual to evaluate another person from a different culture by the standards of that culture and not their own.

Question 9

What is xenocentrism?

Answer 9

It is the desire to live by the standards of a culture different to one’s own.

Question 10

Describe the visual pathway

Answer 10

Eye -> optic nerve-> optic chiasm -> optic tracts -> lateral geniculate nucleus ( LGN) -> visual radiations -> visual cortex

Question 11

Describe the auditory pathway

Answer 11

Cochlea -> vestibulocochlear nerve -> medial geniculate nucleus ( MGN) -> auditory cortex

Question 12

Two point threshold

Answer 12

The minimum distance necessary between 2 points of stimulation on the skin such that the points will be felt as two distinct stimuli

Question 13

Top down processing

Answer 13

Using background knowledge, pays little attention to detail, and recognizes objects by memories and expectations

Question 14

Bottom-up processing

Answer 14

Pays attention to details, does not use background knowledge, and recognizes objects by feature detection.

Question 15

Explicit memory

Answer 15

Also known as declarative memory that accounts for memories that we must consciously recall with effort and focus

Question 16

Implicit memory

Answer 16

Also known as non declarative memory that accounts for acquired skills and conditioned responses to circumstances and stimuli

Question 17

Retroactive interference

Answer 17

New memories make you forget old memories

Question 18

Proactive interference

Answer 18

Old memories interfere with learning new memories

Question 19

Broca’s aphasia

Answer 19

Damage to the frontal lobe and those with it have difficulty generating speech. Still able to comprehend language

Question 20

Wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 20

Damage to the temporal lobe and those with it have difficulty comprehending speech.

Question 21

Selection bias

Answer 21

Bias introduced to the study on the basis of whether or not participants are recruited to the study in a bias way or whether data is collected from a non-random sample.

Question 22

Symbolic interactionist

Answer 22

Focus on how individuals label things and how that affects how one acts towards it.

Question 23

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 23

the tendency for people to under-emphasize situational explanations for an individual’s observed behavior while over-emphasizing dispositional and personality based explanations for their behavior.

Question 24

Self-serving bias

Answer 24

individuals attribute positive outcomes to dispositional factors while attributing negative outcomes to situational factors.

Question 25

Induction

Answer 25

Type of problem solving through which observations are used to derive general principles resulting in broad generalizations on the basis of specific observations. Yields conclusions that are uncertain

Question 26

Rule of thumb approach

Answer 26

Broad guidelines, advice, and practical instructions are Indicative of the rule of thumb approach. Based on experience or practice rather than theory

Question 27

Deductions

Answer 27

Yields conclusions that are certain

Question 28

Folkways

Answer 28

informal and simply describe customs routinely expressed in daily interactions.

Question 29

Mores

Answer 29

informal and describe norms that determine what is or is not morally acceptable. ( Right or wrong) Represent culture and tradition, a little more strict that folkways.

Question 30

Anomie

Answer 30

Social isolation one feels from a lack of social norms or the breakdown of social norms between an individual and his community ties, resulting in the fragmentation of social identity.

Question 31

Social facilitation vs social interference.

Answer 31

Improvement in individual performance on a simple and well-practiced task when in the presence of others rather than alone. Social interference is the decrease in individual performance on a difficult and/or new task when in the presence of other people.

Question 32

What is the role of the pre-frontal cortex ?

Answer 32

It is the executive control center of the brain and is the brain region primarily responsible for our ability to make decisions, attend to stimuli, and think Flexibly.

Question 33

Which technique is most likely use to measure activation in the brain regions involved during mentalizing?

Answer 33

fMRI. Functional magnetic resonance imaging is used to measure brain activity in specific brain regions, rather than global brain regions. PET are also used to measure brain acitivity. It measures changes in metabolism in the different regions of the brain.

Question 34

Group polarization

Answer 34

Deals mostly with someones OPINION changing due to being among like-minded people.

Question 35

Deindividualization

Answer 35

Loss of sense of self that a person gets when in a crowd.

Question 36

Group think

Answer 36

The tendency for individuals in a decision-making group to make irrational decisions in order to maintain group cohesion/conformity.

Question 37

Explain the world system theory.

Answer 37

Macrosociological approach to explaining the world economy.

Question 38

Describe neuroticism.

Answer 38

Neuroticism is a personality trait. Individuals with high levels of neuroticism tend to have elevated stress, anxiety, and worry.