January Mock Flashcards
(402 cards)
1
Q
Start supplying aid to US
A
1776
2
Q
Aid sent in 1777
A
5 million livres
3
Q
Debt in 1783
A
3.3 million livres with 45% of expenditure on debt
4
Q
Poor harvests
A
1785
5
Q
Assembly of Notables
A
Feb - May 1787
6
Q
When were the parliaments lectured by the King?
A
Dec 1785
7
Q
Expenditure on debt in 1788
A
50%
8
Q
Calonne’s reform package
A
1786
9
Q
Turgot’s Six Edicts
A
1776 - abolish privilege, Corvee royale and guilds forced through with lit de justice but later abandoned
10
Q
Comte Rendu
A
1781
11
Q
Nobility land ownership
A
25-33%
12
Q
Percentage of population RCC
A
97%
13
Q
Literacy rate in urban France
A
60%
14
Q
Montesquieu
A
Separation of power + constitutional monarchy
15
Q
Voltaire
A
Freedom of speech, lettres de cachet, anti-clericalism
16
Q
Rousseau
A
Government derived from the people, anticlericalism
17
Q
Diderot
A
Against organised religion
18
Q
Turgot
A
1774-1776
19
Q
Necker
A
1777-1781
20
Q
Calonne
A
1783-1787
21
Q
Brienne
A
Appointed after Assembly of Notables, failed land tax - lit de justice failed and petitions for EG start in July 1787.
22
Q
Revolt of the Nobles
A
May-Aug 1788, Prov. Parlements flooded with remonstrances.
23
Q
Don gratuit partially granted
A
June 1788
24
Q
Day of Tiles
A
June 1788
25
Declaration of bankruptcy
August 1788
26
Announcement by Paris Parlement that Estates General would follow 1614, causing divisions.
Sep 1788
27
Double representation granted
Dec. 1788
28
What is the Third Estate?
Jan 1789
29
Rebellion Riots
April 1789
30
Spending on bread in Earl 1789
88%
31
Ceremony of Estates General
4th May 1789
32
First session of Estates General
5th May 1789
33
National Assembly formed
17th June
34
Clergy invited to join National Assembly
9th June
35
Dauphin dies
4th June
36
Worries about King dissolving National Assembly led to Tennis Court Oath
20th June 1789
37
Troops in capital
4800 on 27th June then 30,000 on 4th july including mercenaries
38
King recognised National Assembly and gave them double representation
27th June 1789
39
Dismissal of Necker
11th July
40
Bread prices on 14th July
Highest since 1715
41
Raiding of sword-smiths and gun shops in case of royal assault. 40/54 customs barriers destroyed. NG and Commune set up.
12th-13th July
42
What happened from 12th-13th July?
Raiding of sword shops in case of royal assault. 40/54 customs barriers destroyed.
43
Fall of the Bastille
14th July - 8000 descended on Les Invalides and went to Bastille for gunpowder. Governor decapitated.
44
King’s appearance at Hotel de Ville
17th July - reinstatement of Necker , acceptance of NA.
45
The Great Fear
17th July - 3rd August. Expectation of ending to burdens. Refusal to pay taxes and chateaux attacked. Feudal rights paper destroyed. Fear of marauding brigands stealing gran and nobles returning with foreign armies.
46
Abolition of feudal rights
4th August - ensure they pay their taxes and further Enlightenment ideas
47
August Decrees
Feudal dues, rights over dovecotes, hunting, seigneurial courts, tithes and venality abolished.All citizens eligible for positions. Equal taxation.
48
Declaration of the Rights of Man
26th August. Refused by King as it went against Divine Right.
49
King offered suspensory veto and summoned troops to capital + held banquet
August 1789
50
Women set out from Paris to Versailles with NG. King forced to accept AD and DOROMAC. Royals moved to Paris
5th October 1789
51
Royal family escorted to Tuileries
6th October 1789
52
Why were church reforms a priority?
Link to AR, Enlightenment, nun+ monks seen as wasters, wealth.
53
Church reforms
August 1789 - June 1790. Pluralism, annates, tithe and don gratuit abolished.
54
Church property nationalised
2nd November
55
Full citizenship for Protestants and all religious orders dissolved
December 1789
56
Selling of monastic land
Feb 1790
57
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
12th July 1790, administration in line with departements, paid state officials and bishops elected.
58
King forced to accept CCC
December 1790
59
Oath to CCC
27th November 1790. 7/160 bishops and 55% of clergy.
60
Papal bull + non-jurying priests were counter revolutionary.
April 1791
61
Declaration of Pillnitz
27th August
62
Army officers abroad 1791
60%
63
Legislative Assembly formed
October 1791
64
Banishment of emigres and refractory priests treated as traitors
November 1791
65
Austria and Prussia formal alliance
February 1792
66
France declared war on Austria
20th April 1792
67
Massacre of own officer
April 1792
68
Deportation of refractory priests begins and the disbanding of the king’s guard
May 1792
69
King uses suspensory veto against three measures and dismisses his ministry
June 1792
70
Fall of Longwy
25th August
71
Fall of Verdun
September 1792
72
Brunswick Manifesto
25th August 1792
73
First Vendee Uprising
August 1792
74
House-searches by Danton
30th August 1792
75
Conscription declared
2nd September 1792
76
September Massacres
1000-1500 killed in gaols. Priests killed by federes. Encouraged by Commune and Marat. ‘Traitors should be put to the sword’
77
Aftermath of September Massacres
Fears of popular revolution, Girondins blamed Jacobins, powers of Assembly shown to be weak.
78
1st Revolutionary Journee
20th June 1792, 8000 demanded Louis withdraw veto on pro-war ministers. Louis promised nothing but the crowd was satisfied.
79
Army of the North in retreat
July 1792
80
La Patrie en Danger
July 1792
81
Robespierre’s Republic speech
29th july 1792
82
Brunswick Manifesto
August 1792
83
2nd Revolutionary Journee1
10th August 1792, 20,000 armed - exchange of fire and King’s guards massacred. King removed to Temple prison and declared temporarily suspended. UMS promised.
84
Tribunal for traitors set up
17th August 1792
85
Priests given two weeks to leave and compensation cancelled
26th August 1792
86
Lafayette defects and replaced by Dumouriez
August 1792
87
Elections for a new Convention with UMS
2nd September 1972
88
Declaration of Republic
22nd September 1792
89
French occupation of Austrian Netherlands
November 1792
90
Edict of Fraternity
November 1792
91
Discussions over King’s fate and committee set up
Nov - Dec 1792
92
Armoire de fer
20th nOVEMBER 1792
93
Execution of king
21st January 1793 - 693 voted guilty, 361 for death, 286 for detention and banishment. Appel nominal.
94
Attacks on Girondin printing presses
9th-10th March 1793
95
Indictment for Marat’s arrest
12th April 1793
96
Sans-culottes march on Convention for price controls
3rd May 1793 - 8000 led to General Maximum
97
Call for rising against corrupt deputies
26th mAY 1792
98
Thousands besiege Convention
31st May to 2nd June
99
90,000 surround Convention,
2nd June, 29 Girondins expelled
100
Federalist Revolt
Jacobins forced of Lyons in May 1793, Protests in 60/83. Toulon proclaimed Louis XVII King, army sent under Napoleon.
101
New Constitution
24th June 1793 - executive council, plebiscite hugely in favour, UMS, political action and public assistance.
102
Levee en masse - conscription
23rd August 1793
103
Men in arms
1 million by 1794
104
Success at Wattignes
October 1793
105
Natural Frontiers
End of 1793
106
Robespierre, Spain-Just, Carnot and Couthon
September 1793
107
Sands-culottes demand that all suspects be arrested
July 1793 after Marat’s death
108
March on Convention demanding lower bread prices and higher wages
5th September 1793
109
Revolutionary Army created
September 1793
110
Law of Suspects
17th September 1793
111
New General Maximum
29th September 1793
112
Savoy, Nice and Monaco taken
Sep 1792 - Jan 1793
113
Natural frontiers
1793
114
War on Britain declared
1st February 1793
115
War on Spain and Portugal and War of First Coalition
March 1793
116
Dumouriez defects
April 1793
117
British blockade of ports
July 1793
118
Vendee Uprising
March - December 1793. Whose than under Ancien Regime, protest against leve. 14th March = Catholic and Royal Army of Vendee. Convention sent 30,000 from front.
119
Destruction of Vendee decreed
1st August - army of 100,000 sent
120
Creation of CGS
October 1792
121
Levy for 300,000 men
February 1793
122
March 1793
Reps en mission, Revolutionary Tribunal, surveillance committees
123
Summary Execution Decree
19th March 1793
124
CPS created
April 1793
125
Law of 14 Frimaire II
4th December 1793 - gave CPS direct power
126
Revolutionary Army + popular societies shut down
March 1794
127
Laws of Ventose
Jan + March 1794 promising sharing out of property (never carried out)
128
Report to Convention denouncing Hebertists and Indulgents
March 1794
129
Expulsion of Hebertists and Indulgents
End of March 1794
130
New series of deist festival
March 1794
131
Recognition of a Supreme Being
7th May 1794
132
Festival of Supreme Being
8th June 1794
133
Law of 22 Prairial
10th June (no defence, acquittal or death)
134
Great Terror
June to July 1794, 1284 sentences and 278 aquitted. 35% nobles, 25% clergy and 40% bourgeosie
135
Maximum wage set
23rd July 1794
136
Popular Terror stats
92-94 = 40,000 executed, March - Sep = 260 cases + Sep -Dec = 500,000
137
Show trials
Began in October 1793 , Marie Antoinette = 16th, 21 Girondins in 36 minutes on 31st, 6th = d’Orleans
138
Revolutionary until peace: watch committees, revolutionary army, CGS spies
10th October
139
Vendee killings
7873 guillotined and 2000 by mass drownings
140
Toulon and Lyons death
750 shot in Toulon and 2000 killed by grape shot in Lyons
141
Dechristianisation became policy
October 1793
142
Archbishop resigned
7th November 1793
143
Robespierre’s final speech accusing members of Convention
26th July 1794
144
Saint - Just not allowed to speak and decree or Robespierre’s arrest followed by rest of CPs
27th July 1794
145
Robespierre and 22 associates found guilty + guillotined.
28th July - 87/95 Commune members died
146
Value of assignats 1/2
Feb 1793
147
Value of assignat 1/3
August 1793
148
Parlement banished to Troyes
Aug 1787
149
Separation of powers happens
July 1789
150
One chamber decided
September 1789
151
Suspensory veto given
September 1789
152
King of the French
October 1789
153
King’s private income reduced
By 20 million livres
154
Active and passive citizens
December 1789
155
Louis accepts constitution
September 1791
156
Abolition of old provinces
November 1789
157
6 legal reforms of NA
Judge within 24, open to public, lawyer, torture + branding + hanging abolished, fair sentences, property could not be seized
158
Assignats start being issued
December 1789
159
Gabelle abolished
March 1790
160
One off patriotic contribution of 25% of income
September 1789
161
New taxation system under NA
Land tax, property tax and commercial tax
162
All corporate bodies abolished
1791
163
Grain trade deregulated
August 1789
164
3 improvements in social mobility
State charities provided for the poor, public education + removal of barriers to high office
165
Le Chapelier Law
June 1791 no strikes or trade unions
166
4 political clubs
Noble faction, society of 89, jacobins, Cordeliers club
167
Three dominant politician-journalists
Desmoulins, Marat and Hebert
168
Mirabeau dies
April 1791
169
Prevented from leaving for Palace of Saint Cloud
April 1791
170
Flight to Varennes
20/21st June 1791
171
King temporarily suspended until new constitution
July 1791
172
Deputies abstained from voting to suspend King’s powers
290 in July 1791
173
Champ de Mars massacre
17th July 1791 - 6000
174
Importance of champ de Mars
Completed split between radicals and moderates
175
Draft of 300,000 ordered
February 1793
176
Summary Execution Decree
19th March 1793
177
Levee en masse
August 1793
178
War in December 1793
French military in the ascendant
179
1st General Maximum
May 1793
180
Vacancies filled by moderates
31st July 1794
181
Law of 22 Prairial repealed
1st August 1794
182
Revolutionary Tribunal reorganised and exile more frequently used
10th August 1794
183
Law on Revolutionary Government
24th August 1794
184
Powers of Paris Commune reduced
August 1794
185
Church and state separated
September 1794
186
Jacobin Club closed down
November 1794
187
Law of Maximum repealed
December 1794
188
Toleration for all regions proclaimed
Feb 1795
189
Reps en mission abolished
April 1795
190
Revolutionary Tribunal abolished
May 1795
191
Law of Suspects repealed
October 1795
192
What was the White Terror?
Purges by Muscadins and jeuness d’Oree who attacked Jacobins and sans culottes. Helped destroy Jacobin Club. Companies of Jesus and the Sun in western France attacked Jacobins.
193
Verona Declaration
June 1795 - Comte de Provence promised to restore French glory
194
Treaty of La Jaunaye
Feb 1795
195
General Hoche defeated a rising at Quiberon Bay
July 1795 - 700 emigres killed
196
Oath of loyalty for clergymen
Feb 1795
197
Victory at Fleurus
June 1794
198
Batavian Republic declared
Jan 1795
199
Peace of Basel
April 1795 - Prussians
200
Peace with Spain
July 1795
201
Real value of assignat 10th of original value
April 1795
202
Bread ration for Parisians fell to 60g per day
May 1795
203
Rising of Germinal
1st April 1795 - 10,000 sans culottes in Convention. Paris placed under martial law.
204
Rising of Prairial
20/21st May 1795 - sans culottes murdered deputy and troops brought in to drive them out. 20,000 then came and 40,000 troops dispelled with no shots fired.
205
Rising of Vendemiaire
5th October 1795 - royalist believing plebiscite had been rigged. 25,000 armed Parisians + Napoleon given command of 6000 troops -> 300 killed with grapeshot.
206
3 parts of directory
5 directors, council of 500, council of ancients
207
Constitution of Year III agreed
September 1795
208
Assignats virtually worthless
End of 1795
209
Poor harvest under Directory
1795
210
Mandats
Feb 1796 - 800 million francs to replace 24 billion
211
Mandats worthless
End of 1796
212
Weights and measured standardised
1796
213
Taxation system reorganised
Ramel in 1798 - achieved a balance of payments surplus
214
Brottier arrested and deported
Royalist uprising plan Jan 1797
215
Babeuf and conspirators executed
May 1797 - revival of Terror
216
Coup of fructidor
4th Sep 1797 - evidence that Pichegru had made contact with royalist emigres. 177 royalist deputies arrested.
217
Former members of the second estate declared foreigners
May 1797
218
Coup of Floreal
11th May 1798 - Law of 22 Floreal purged 127 deputies from Council of 500
219
Coup of Prairial
18th June 1798 - Sieyes ordered troops to capital after 2 directors would not stand down. Councils purged the Directors.
220
Law of Hostages
July 1799 - Sieyes allowed action against potential radicals.
221
Napoleon drove British from Toulon
August - December 1793
222
Commander of the Army of the Interior
October 1795 - after vendemiare uprising success
223
Commander in chief of Army in Italy
March 1796
224
Armistice of Cherasco
April 1796 - Piedmont-Sardinia withdrew from First Coalition
225
Successes in Italy
May 1796 led to Pope paying indemnities
226
Occupation of Venice
May 1797
227
Cisalpine + Ligurian Republics created
June 1797
228
Treaty of Campo Formio
October 1797 - without authority. Recognised french control over Austrian Netherlands, Austrian acceptance of republics
229
War of Second Coalition
1799
230
Napoleon refused to invade England
October 1797
231
Invasion of Egypt, Battle of Alexandria and Battle of Pyramids
July 1798
232
Directory agreed to Egypt invasion
March 1798
233
Nelson destroys French fleet at anchor in Aboukir Bay
August 1798
234
Jaffa taken
March 1799 - shot 2000 prisoners
235
Abandoned siege of Acre
Started in March and ended in May 1799
236
War of Second Coalition
March 1799
237
Countries in war of second coalition
Austria, Britain, Russia, Portugal and German and Italian states
238
Napoleon returned to France from Egypt
August 1799
239
3 ideas Napoleon implemented in the army
Forced marches, living off the land and misleading tactics
240
Sieyes becomes Director
May 1799
241
Assemblies persuaded to leave Paris away from Jacobin mobs. Napoleon took command of Parisian troops and all the Directors stood down.
9th November
242
Napoleon storms into the Council of Ancients then the 500 (Coup de Brumaire)
10th November
243
Consitution of Year VIII
24th December 1799 - first consul, council of state, senate, tribunate and legislative body
244
The three consuls
Napoleon, Cambaceres and Lebrun
245
Attempt on Napoleon’s life
24th December 1800 - 52 people killed
246
First plebiscite under the consulate
1800 -> 25% to 46%
247
Jacobins deported
129 in 1801
248
Napoleon responds to letter form Comte de Provence
Sep 1800 - you should not hope to return to France
249
Chouan prisoners under Napoleon
6000 prisoners and 750 shot in 1800
250
Bourbon prince executed
1804
251
Liberals banished
Madame de Stael and Benjamin Constant in 1803
252
Peace of Amiens
1802
253
3 x reconciliation
Protection of Catholicism, overtures to refractory priests and emigres + foreign policy successes
254
Napoleon offered position as Consul for Life
1802
255
Constitution of Year X
1802 - voting for notables
256
Constitution of Year XII
1804-47%
257
Emperor
2nd December 1804 Notre Dame
258
Crowned against as King of Italy
26th May 1804
259
Use of senatus consultum
January 1801
260
Purge of Senate, Tribunate and Legislative Body
Jan - Mar 1802
261
Last meeting of Legislative Body
1813
262
Tribunate abolished
1810
263
Legion of Honour created
1802
264
How many legions of honour from civilians?
1500/32,000
265
Napoleonic nobility created
1808
266
Knight of the Empire
1808 - hereditary after 3 generations
267
Granted titles to members of his family
1804 following coronation
268
Titles under Napoleon
59% to military men and 22.5% to old nobility.
269
Education law under Napoleon
1802 - ecole populaire (subject to inspection by sub-prefects) and lycees for boys with open scholarship examination
270
Lycees statistics
2400/6400 went to sons of soldiers
By 1812, one third of personnel in lycees and colleges priests
271
Imperial University established
1808 - teacher training and curriculum
272
Civil Code under Napoleon
1804 - women granted more control over property when married + introduction of divorce by mutual consent although still hugely restricted
273
Reduction in Paris newspapers from 73 to 13
Jan 1800
274
Paris newspapers allowed to publish newspapers
4 in 1801
275
Provincial papers reduced to one per departement
1810
276
200 to 60 Paris publishers who had to obtain licenses
1808
277
New censorship board created
Jan 1810
278
Napoleon decreed that churches could be open any day of the week
December 1799
279
Sunday decreed as day of rest
July 1800
280
Concordat and term
July 1801, Catholicism recognised as religion of majority, Pope recognised new regime in France and Bishops would be appointed by First Consul.
281
Organic Articles
1802 following publishing of Concordat saying government approval needed before Pope/ papal legate/documents entering
282
France moved back to Gregorian calendar
Jan 1806
283
French troops occupied Rome
1808
284
Napoleon imprisoned Pope
1809
285
Napoleon forced the Pope to sign the Concordat of Fontainebleau.
286
Napoleon’s financial and economic aims
Pay for war, maintain Empire and ensure political stability
287
Treaty of Luneville
1801 - France allowed to keep former gains and Austria loses all land in Italy
288
End of War of Second Coalition
1802
289
Bank of France
January 1800
290
Prefects created
February 1800
291
6000 Chouan prisoners and 750 shot
1800
292
Success against Austrians at Battle of Marengo
June 1800
293
Napoleon responds to letter from Comte de Provence
September 1800
294
Failed dagger conspiracy by Jacobins to assassinate Napoleon
October 1800
295
Plebiscite changed from 25-46% voter turnout
November 1800
296
Jacobins wrongly accused of bomb plot
December 1800
297
Austrians defeated at Hohenlinden
December 1800
298
Attempt to assassinate Napoleon
24th December 1800
299
Napoleon begins using senatus consultum
January 1801
300
Treaty of Luneville with Austria
February 1801
301
Concordat with new Pope
July 1801
302
129 Jacobins arrested and deported
1801
303
Purge on Senate, Tribunate and Legislative Body
Jan-March 1802
304
Publication of Concordat and Organic Articles
April 1802
305
Peace of Amiens with Britain ending Second Coalition
1802
306
Chambers of Commerce created in 23 cities
1802
307
Legion of Honour created
1802
308
Napoleon offered Consul for Life
1802
309
Constitution of Year X plebiscite
51% turnout 1802
310
Ecole populaire and lycees created
1802
311
Madame de Stael and Benjamin Comstanf banished
1803
312
Britain declares war on France
May 1803
313
Bourbon Prince found guilty of conspiring against Napoleon executed
1804
314
Constitution of Year XII plebiscite
47.2% turnout 1804
315
Civil code
1804
316
Imperial Gendarmerie
1804
317
Napoleon directly appoints judges
1804
318
Napoleon consecrated as Emperor in Notre Dame
2nd December 1804
319
Granted princely titles to members of family
1804
320
Third Coalitiom - Russia, Austria and Britain
1805
321
Nelson destroys Franco-Spanish fleet at Trafalgar
October 1805
322
Austria defeated at Ulm + Napoleon enters Vienna unopposed
October 1805
323
Austro-Prussia’n forces defeated at Austerlitz leading to Austria leaving coalition
December 1805
324
Gregorian calendar reinstated
Jan 1806
325
Comfederation of Rhine created which provoked Prussians
July 1806
326
Prussians join coalition
September 1806
327
Prussians crushed at Jena and Napoleon enters Berlin
October 1806
328
Bad harvests
1806, 1809 onwards
329
New official catechism introduced in schools
1806
330
Code standardising court practice
1806
331
Berlin Decree
November 1806
332
Creation of continental system
1806
333
Renamed Code Napoleon
1807
334
New land register starts being drawn up
1807
335
Serfdom abolished in Grand Duchy of Warsaw
1807
336
Commercial code introduced
1807
337
Central bureau for state finances
September 1807
338
Orders in Council
November 1807
339
Milan Decree
December 1807
340
Lisbon taken + Portuguese royal family fled
December 1807
341
Prussia and Russia defeated at Eylau
February 1808
342
Napoleon orders occupation of Rome and annexes Papal States
February 1808
343
Napoleon forces abdication of Charles and Ferdinand
March 1808
344
Peace of Tilsit between Napoleon and Tsar
June 1808
345
Spanish Army of Andalusia defeat Napoleon at Battle of Bailen
July 1808
346
Joseph imposed as King of Spain
August 1808
347
Wellington defeats France at Battle of Vimiero
August 1808
348
Napoleon placed himself as head of the army in Spain
November 1808
349
Enters Madrid with 80,000 troops
December 1808
350
Knight of the Empire made hereditary after three generations
1808
351
Sub-branches of bank set up across the country
1808
352
Code of practice of trial by jury
1808
353
Imperial University founded
1808
354
Napoleon forced to leave Spain
January 1809
355
Austrians re-enter war
February 1809
356
Austrians invade Bavaria
April 1809
357
Austrians defeated at Eckmuhl
April 1809
358
Napoleon enters Vienna
May 1809
359
French defeat at Essling
June 1809
360
Austrians defeated at Wagram but lost 34,000
July 1809
361
Treaty of Schonbrunn with Austria
October 1809
362
Napoleon’s divorce
January 1810
363
Censorship board for all publications
January 1810
364
Tribunate abolished
1810
365
New penal code including death penalty
1810
366
Tsar breaks trade embargo
December 1810
367
End of double-jury system
1811
368
Tsar allies with Sweden
March 1812
369
Invasion of Russia and failure to liberate Lithuanians
June 1812
370
Napoleon enters scorched Moscow
September 1812
371
French retreat due to starvation -> 650,000 to 10,000
October 1812
372
Napoleon abandons Russians campaign
December 1812
373
Malet conspiracy
December 1812
374
Russia and Prussia sign armistice
December 1812
375
Concordat of Fontainebleau
January 1813
376
Prussians and Russians declare war on Napoleon
March 1813
377
Napoleon declares war on Prussia
April 1813
378
Britain declare war on France = Fourth Coalition
June 1813
379
Joseph expelled from Spain
June 1813
380
Battle of the Nations
October 1813
381
Wellington enters Madrid
1813
382
French defeated at Toulouse
1814
383
Treaty of Chaumont to defeat Napoleon
March 1814
384
Allies enter Paris
30th March 1814
385
Treaty of Fontainebleau
April 1814
386
Louis XVIII invited to take throne
April 1814
387
Louis XVIII arrives in Paris
3rd May 1814
388
First Treaty of Paris
30th May 1814
389
Congress of Vienna
November 1814
390
5th country in land register
1815
391
Napoleon lands with 1000 men
1st March 1815
392
Rising against Bourbons in Lyons
9th March 1815
393
Napoleon declared an outlaw
11th March 1815
394
Royal army outside Paris defects
19th March 1815
395
Napoleon presents Acte Additionel
March 1815 - 22% turnout
396
Napoleon joins French Army and aims to prevent British and Prussian troops joining
12th June 1815
397
Defeats Prussians
16th June 1815
398
Napoleon defeated at Waterloo thanks to Prussian back up
18th June 1815
399
Napoleon abdicates
22nd June 1815
400
Louis XVIII renters France
8th July 1815
401
Surrender to British
15th July 1815
402
Second Peace of Paris
November 1815
