Japan 1 Flashcards
(61 cards)
1
Q
What are Japan’s 4 main islands? (and their defining characteristics)
A
Honsku - biggest island
Kyushu - southern most main island
Shikoku - smallest main island
Hokkaid - northern most main island
2
Q
which country is closest to Japan?
A
Korea
3
Q
who was Japan’s most influential neighbour?
A
China
4
Q
what did China impact in Japan?
A
- writing
- religion (buddhism, confucianism)
- government
- architecture
- art
- clothing
5
Q
how big is Japan?
A
land area of 380 000
60% size of Alberta
6
Q
how much land in Japan is arable?
A
- only 18% of the land is good enough for farming
- forested mountains cover about 80% of the country
7
Q
what roles do mountains play in Japan’s geography?
A
- create many barriers to transportation
- divides country up into different areas
8
Q
are there still some active volcanoes in japan?
A
yes
9
Q
what could happen when a volcano erupted?
A
a new island could be created
10
Q
what does it mean that Japan is located on the ring of fire?
A
- Japan is located on shifting tectonic plates
- highly prone to tsunamis and earthquakes
11
Q
what was the population of Japan like in 1600?
A
12 million
11
Q
what was the population of japan like in 2020?
A
126.5 million
12
Q
what years were the edo period?
A
1603-1868
13
Q
what happened in the edo period?
A
- japan isolates itself from the world
- flourishing in architecture, education, culture, and the arts
- edo at peace
14
Q
what names is the time before the Edo period known as?
A
- sengoku period
- warring states
15
Q
how was the feudal system set up before the edo period?
A
- emperor
- daimyo
- samurai
- peasant farmers
- merchants
16
Q
what did the emperor do before the edo period?
A
- he would have little power
- daimyo controlled armies of samurai
- would use samurai to support their own causes
17
Q
what was it like in the sengoku period?
A
constant war, instability
18
Q
when did Portuguese traders arrive in Japan? what were the followed by?
A
1543
quickly followed by thousands of christian missionaries
19
Q
who were the Shogun?
A
- leader of the military government
- worked to end wars and unify Japan
20
Q
who were the 3 (main/important) shoguns?
A
- Oda Nobunaga
- Toyotomi Hideyoshi
- Tokugawa Ieyasu
21
Q
what did Oda Nobunaga do?
A
- reduced influence of Buddhist control
- built a series of castles to defend his land
- introduced new administrative practices to unify Japan
22
Q
what did Toyotomi Hideyoshi do?
A
- centralizing government power
- changed the tax on the land from money to quantities of rice
- created society based on a formal class structure
- created a standing army
- disarmed the farmers
- tried to expand territory, was defeated by China and Korea
- supported painters and added new types of drama
23
Q
what did Tokugawa Ieyasu do?
A
- established government base in Edo
- finalized unification of Japan
24
explain the if a bird does not sing metaphor
Oda Nobunaga - kill the bird
Toyotomi Hideyoshi - make the bird
Tokugawa Ieyasu - wait for the bird
25
what does Daimyo mean?
great name
26
what were the causes for the isolation of japan?
- desire to maintain central control
- fear of christianity
27
why did japan want to maintain central control?
- Tokugawa wants to maintain authority to preserve peace
- saw europeans developing colonies in asia
- feared european imperialism
- feared european alliance with daimyo
28
what was the Japanese fear of Christianity?
- christian missionaries were highly successful in japan
- Bakufu (Shogun's government) feared Japanese would be loyal to Christ and not the Shogun
29
what is Confucianism?
- morality system of the shoguns
- promotes stability
- focuses on strict order in government and society
- emphasis on classes and the roles of individuals
30
what was the National Seclusion Policy?
- bakufu passes the Closed Country Edict (CCE)
- strictly controls interactions between Japan and the outside world
- limits trade, forbids travel, forbids foreigners, forbids christianity, forbids foreign knowledge (books, science, ect.)
31
what were the consequences of japan's isolation?
- technologically fall behind the rest of the world
- develops strong culture and identity
32
what did the government of edo japan ensure?
that the feudal system was kept
33
what did the daimyo do in the edo society?
governed local lands
34
what did the shogun/bakufu do in the edo society?
- controlled national policies
- controlled social classes
35
how were the daimyo controlled in the edo society?
- cannot meet with other daimyo
- spend every second year in edo
- can only have one castle
- pay for shoguns building projects
- must have marriages approved
- cannot travel
36
what did the samurai do in the edo society?
- without wars, during edo period they took on administrative tasks
- managed daimyo's estate
- help govern territory
- became educated
37
what did the farmers do in the edo society?
- highly respected
- farmed rice
- little power
- could not leave daimyo's land
- restricted dress code
38
what was the role of non-humans in edo society?
- shunned class
- killing them was not murder
- not hereditary (based on job)
- beggars, prostitutes, actors, fortune tellers
- met entertainment needs
39
what was the role of artisans in edo society?
- made objects for daily life
- made decorative objects
- made trade goods
40
what was the role of merchants in edo society?
- sold items
- not respected
- didn't produce anything
- middle class
- managed money and banking
41
what was the role of outcasts in edo society?
- shunned class
- worked with dead things
- lived in isolated communities
- slaughtered animals, removing the dead, execution
42
what was the order of classes in the edo society?
1. samurai
2. farmers
3. artisans
4. merchants
5. outcasts
6. non-humans
43
what were the causes for urbanization in edo japan?
- one castle limit
- trip to edo every two years
44
how did the one castle limit increase urbanization?
- all samurai must live in one castle
- show power through quality of castle
- samurai concentrated in one area
- builders and artisans follow to work on castle
- outcasts and non-humans follow to preform services
45
how did the migrations to edo increase urbanization?
- daimyo would need to bring household with him to edo (samurai, servants, ect.)
- need services on the road to edo
- need services for entourage in edo
- regular travel requires strong roads and communication networks
- make cities centers of communities
46
kyoto
- capital of japan before the central government moved to edo
- had easy river access to the sea
- surrounded by mountains
- mountain slopes were good for growing tea and mulberry leaves (to feed the silk worms)
- known for the production of luxury items
- known for the woodblock printing and detailed decorated maps
47
edo (city)
- capital of the shogun
- housed residence of 250 daimyo
- good port (easy for trade and to defend)
- one of the first cities in the world to reach 1 million people
48
osaka
- centre of the japanese economy
- large market and warehouses as well as farmland
- known as the kitchen of japan
- controlled the rice market of japan
49
what 3 factors triggered ideas of the edo period?
- urbanization
- new roles of the samurai
- dutch traders
50
how was urbanization a formative idea of the edo period?
- daimyos used art to enhance castles to demonstrate wealth and power
- artists and sculptors become in demand
- as cities become busier merchants are more successful
-merchants start spending more money on art literature and theatre
51
how did new roles of the samurai shape the edo period?
- samurai cannot do labour or work in business
- daimyo educate them
- samurai use education to create literature and poetry
52
how did the dutch traders shape the edo period?
- dutch interested in trade, not religion
- japan builds deshima, allows some dutch to trade
- some scholars travel to deshima
- study some european science and medicine
53
where did dutch traders and the japanese trade?
deshima
54
what was kabuki theatre?
- popular theatre
- live action
- wild plots about moral dilemmas
- performed by non-humans
55
what was the bunraku theatre?
- adult puppet show
- performed by non-humans
56
what was woodblock printing?
- prints of original paintings
- paintings carved into wooden copies
- was later used in books
57
what were geisha?
- female companions
58
how did books start in edo period?
- printing started in kyoto, expanded to osaka and edo
- wooden blocks returned for easier replication of japanese characters
- printing was independent but had taboo topics (christianity, politics)
- popular forms: roman novels, household guides, calendars, and etiquette guides
59
how did literature start in japan?
- simple and less formal (than books)
- tales of rascals and adventures
- invention of the haiku
60
how did science and medicine in japan evolve?
- came from dutch traders
- used european knowledge to overcome cultural taboos
