Japanese Industrial Revolution Part 2 Flashcards Preview

History IB MYP > Japanese Industrial Revolution Part 2 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Japanese Industrial Revolution Part 2 Deck (37)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What did the Japanese adopt besides copying the West in terms of industrialisation?

A

It adopted many Western customs and dresses; wealthy Japanese wore moustaches, top hats, bow ties and western-style suits and carried umbrellas

2
Q

What did the Japanese began to use in 1872?

A

A western calendar

3
Q

What kind of system did the Japanese adopt 50 years before it was introduced in Britain?

A

A metric system

4
Q

When was education made necessary for 4 years and what was built?

A

Education was made necessary in 1872, and primary and secondary schools were built to facilitate this importance.

5
Q

What type of broad education was taught to the students?

A

Western knowledge as well as Japanese beliefs and skills

6
Q

With what strong sense were children brought up with?

A

A strong sense of patriotism and reverence for the Emperor

7
Q

What is the Emperor Rescript of Education and when was it issued?

A

It is a detailed set of aims for education issued to schools, in the year 1890

8
Q

What did the children do with the Emperor Rescript of Education as a regular practice?

A

They memorised the aims, and promised to obey their parents and to ‘guard and maintain’ the prosperity of their Imperial Throne

9
Q

What are the names of and when were the two universities founded in Japan?

A

Tokyo University in 1877 and Kyoto University in 1897

10
Q

What was the result as Japan developed its own colleges?

A

The huge number of Japanese students who went abroad to pursue further studies declined

11
Q

What did the government had to do to raise money to tackle the social protests in the country?

A

It had to sell of many of its factories to private investors; many of whom were very rich families called zaibatsu

12
Q

What had already begun before the fall of the shogunate system and why?

A

Modernisation of the military had begun, as there were some powerful daimyo who were impressed by Western forces

13
Q

Japan’s navy was constructed on the basis of whose model?

A

Japan built its navy on the basis of Britain’s navy; the most strongest navy in the world at that time

14
Q

How was the army developed in Japan?

A

Initially the army was modelled on the French, but later adopted methods from the Germans

15
Q

When was the new Imperial Army formed and what it consisted of?

A

The new Imperial Army was built in 1872, and it was a combination of the Choshu and Satsuma armies

16
Q

When was conscription introduced?

A

1873

17
Q

In what manner did the peasant conscripts proved themselves fully capable?

A

Through the victorious defeat of the samurai rebellion of 1877

18
Q

What are the features of the new Imperial Army?

A

They were well trained, equipped with modern weapons and effectively led

19
Q

What was the impactful accomplishment of the new Imperial Army?

A

Their victory against the European power Russia in the Russo-Japanese war of 1894-95

20
Q

What was the key reason Japan had embarked on a radical program of modernisation?

A

To revise the unequal treaties and take back control of their own country

21
Q

Which two key elements that emphasised foreign superiority had to be undone?

A

First- extraterritorial rights, and second- foreign control of custom duties

22
Q

When did Japan reformed its legal code and what was the impact?

A

In 1889. As a result there was a minor reason for foreign nationals to want to live under another justice system

23
Q

HOW and WHEN were the two key elements that emphasised foreign superiority REVISED?

A

In 1894, Britain and then the other Western powers gave up their extraterritorial rights. In 1911, foreign control over tariffs was removed

24
Q

At the time when reforms for Japan was going, how were the lives of most of the people?

A

Their standard of living didn’t improve and their lives were more unpredictable

25
Q

Who were able to adapt to ‘new’ Japan and take advantage of modernisation?

A

Traders and Factory Owners

26
Q

What made the samurai feel intense discontent and resentment?

A

Their privileged lifestyles were put to an end. They could no longer wear swords and their salaries were stopped. Most of all, their traditional respected status in Japanese society no longer existed

27
Q

What did this resentment amongst the samurai resulted into?

A

It exploded in the Satsuma Rebellion in 1877

28
Q

What did the other samurai attempted to do to fight for their role?

A

They attempted to form political parties to legally pressure the government for improvement ; that is greater democracy

29
Q

What is the drawback of the 1889 Written Constitution of Japan?

A

Despite giving Japan an elected parliament, there was limited democracy with 4 percent of Japanese men allowed to vote

30
Q

What problems occurred in the countryside because of unhappiness by the peasants with the Meiji reforms?

A

Violent uprisings were occurring in the countryside at a rate of 30 a year, between 1869 and 1874

31
Q

How many peasants were there in the peasant army till the end of 19th century?

A

An army of 10,000 peasants

32
Q

Against what change made by the Meiji government did the peasants revolt?

A

Against the change in the way taxes were paid. Instead of being able to pay in rice, now tax had to be paid in cash

33
Q

What were all the revolts and damages done by the peasant revolts till the end of the 19th century

A

Government buildings in the east of Osaka were burnt down in 1876, widespread rioting in Fukushima in 1882 and Chichibu in 1884

34
Q

What did the peasants thought of the assessments made on their plots of land?

A

They were too high

35
Q

What did the peasants still had to do if a bad season had passed and crop yield was low? What was the injustice?

A

They still had to pay their cash tax and were often forced into debt. Many peasant farmers were forced to borrow money and this in turn forced them to sell their land when they could not pay the debt.

36
Q

What happened to farmers between 1883 and 1890?

A

Many of the farmers had to sell their lands and either move to the cities to find work or take up jobs as labourers

37
Q

What impact made peasants impoverished?

A

The impact of foreign trade